College Is The Time Of Your Life - 1438 Words

Haakon Lovestad Dr. Van Bergen-Rylander 24 Nov. 2104 Every once in a while, one comes across the saying â€Å"college is the time of your life†, true enough, every person who has had the opportunity to attend college, regularly reminisces about the time they had. In all fairness, the time in college is indeed memorable. The reason as to why even Hollywood regularly releases movies with a theme and setting of college. What these movies inevitably end up doing is glamorizing the all things to do with college other than actually studying. In fact, in most instances, these movies glamorize parties, casual sex, drinking binges and use of drugs. To the high school teenager with raving hormones, this is a place to look forward to, which is if it ends up motivating them to the quests of higher grades. Nevertheless, parents and other stakeholders more so in the department of health are regularly wondering what exactly the place of sex in college is. (Bruce and Stewart) It is worth it to analyze the whole issue of sex with an open mind. The reason for this is that external influences cloud the perception of most regarding the topic of sex in relation to college. Society encourages modesty in matters relating to sex, ironically, the media is awash with sex if not explicitly, it is implicit. However, the common denominator to all this is the ever willingness of college girls to engage in sexual activity in a rather casual and care free manner. Therefore, it is within prudence to assumeShow MoreRelatedCollege Is An Exciting And Nervous Time Of Your Life1420 Words   |  6 PagesCollege is an exciting and nervous time of your life. It greatly affects what your life will be like afterward. I was super nervous in high school and worried about my test scores. Well, I did end up getting very worried about the tests I think I had the worst score in my class. When applying for colleges came around I knew that my options were limited to a few. I aimed really high, but I don’t regret it because I still was able to go to my second favorite college. My test scores came back to hauntRead MoreCollege Graduation Speech Outline1497 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A. How many years have you been in school? How many of you ever thought that once I enter college that I will have a lot of freedom? Have you ever considered how much your life will change once you enter college? B. Many of you upcoming freshman probably think that college is the same school except you have more freedom, especially now that you are consider as an adult but your whole life changes completely from how you behave in front of people, or whom you talk to, but most importantlyRead MoreCollege Is An Exciting And Wonderful Time1164 Words   |  5 PagesGoing to college is an exciting and wonderful time. Not only does it teach us many things but there it has a lot to offer. Going to college is a very different experience and the challenges that go with being a college student can affect you. College is a huge step in life and many say that college will either make or break you. I believe this statement because college isn’t something that isn’t taken lightly, this is very serious and crucial to your future and education. While there may be fun adventuresRead MoreWhy College Is Worth the Money?1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhy College is Worth the Money Right now in our society a college education is no longer an option or privilege, but rather a necessity. We are practically raised and conditioned to believe that one needs higher education in order to succeed in life. There is a saying that says if you think education is expensive, try ignorance. Nowadays, going to college is common in United States. According to the statistic, there are more than 70 percents of the student are going to college after high schoolRead MoreCollege Essay : College Improves Life1200 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish II 24 June 2015 College Improves Life Did you know that the average amount of parties that a college student goes to in a year is 62? Probably not, it is not a common thing to know. I am sure that lots of people have read stories or watched movies where college kids just drink and party. Also, that they are just there to party and skip classes. That is not true though, in most cases, you go to college to learn things and to help get a job or go to a university. Going to college greatly improvesRead MoreUnited States Culture Aim Toward Ensuring1471 Words   |  6 Pagestoward ensuring that everyone goes to college yes, united states should encourage everyone go to college because it helps people get out of poverty and explore in a career that could shape their lives. All people want to have a good job in life and have a good salary to change their future. Additionally, college can help you become more independent and successful in life. Unless the country is willing to more fully fund higher education for all everyone go ing to college is only a dream. Broader educationRead MoreCollege Is An Exciting Time For Incoming Freshman850 Words   |  4 Pages College can be an exciting time for incoming freshman, or at least that is what your family tells you. Beginning the journey into college brings a new sense of freedom, new living arrangements, new opportunities and a way to reinvent yourself. On average, 65.9% of high school graduates attend a college or university. (Norris, NYT) The number of jobs created increases daily and right now is the best time to begin a career that suits your interests and abilities, though most of these jobs will requireRead MoreStress on College Students797 Words   |  3 PagesRecently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students, 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of student s feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The causeRead MoreGeneral Purpose: To Persuade. Specific Purpose: The Look1628 Words   |  7 PagesSPECIFIC PURPOSE: The look into the purpose of why having a social life in college is important. INTRODUCTION: (Attention Step) ATTENTION GETTER: Is there ever a time that you’re studying and all you want to do is scream, throw, and break objects in frustration because you have not had a break in over 10 hours and you’re feeling overwhelmed? THESIS STATEMENT: (To have a social life in college + going out, hanging out or chilling with your friends, and getting involved in school + Call to Action) ETHOS:Read MoreCollege Education : High School College886 Words   |  4 Pagesschool seniors that get affected by the transition from college life. They are overly optimistic and confident in their ability to manage the challenges they will encounter in college. This freshman myth being blamed on by high school because in high school there is no help preparing students for the transition from high school to college, giving future students high expectation on academic, social and personal experiences for when entering college. But this becomes a domino effect because high schools

Importance of Psychology in Nursing - 786 Words

| Importance of Psychology in Nursing Practice | Roles amp; Perspectives | | Author Name | | University Name | It is very important to understand the psyche and thought process of the individuals for the people in Health related profession. That’s why Psychology plays a major role in the professional development of the nurses. This document is a study of the important perspectives of Psychology which are incorporated in Nursing practices. | Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Psychology 2 Nursing 2 The Relationship 2 Significance 3 References 5 Importance of Psychology in Nursing Practice Although both fields differ from each other apparently but still Psychology is interlinked with nursing†¦show more content†¦There are times when nurses are required to provide very basic care to the people they work with but the effort is always to change the thought process in a very positive manner (Barker, 2007). Significance * Byrne amp; Byrne(1992) state that psychological factors play an important part in the development and course of many illnesses and in the processes of recovery from them. Russell(1999, p. 180) solidify the importance saying that accurate identification of one’s problems and needs is critical to the process of effective nursing care, as it defines both the significance and quality of the nursing actions. * Second important consideration for nurses is regarding the focus on the external symptoms and management of physical pathology. The focus must also be on the patient’s response and reaction to illness. Different individuals have different reactions towards the entire process of illness. * Byrne amp; Byrne(1992, p. 29) say that nurses enter into the â€Å"system† soon as they get involved in the interpersonal interaction with the patient and in result this creates an environment for the care of patient. In this environment, nurses become part of a complex so cial psychological system which comprise of patient, medical staff and any relatives of patient. Walker, Payne, Smith, amp; Jarrett(2007) present some very solid facts showing the importance of psychology in nursing profession. They are as follows: * It is important to consider that howShow MoreRelatedPsychologys Influence on Nursing Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesAs defined by Mason and Whitehead, psychology is a branch of biological science which focuses on the study of conscious life in its origin (66). Mason and Whitehead go on to argue that conscious life refers to the experiences of the individual and origins refer to the particular group or issue being reviewed: e.g., child, adult, abnormal or animal (66-7). A basic examination of the definition of psychology demonstrates that the practice is one that requires understanding of the human experience andRead MoreEssay about Historical Development of Nursing Timeline1050 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its presentRead MoreNursing Practice in a Given Scenario1787 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Practice and Responsibilities 2 Introduction Many older people fear that a hospital stay could leave them even more disabled than they were before. Unfortunately, theres new reason to believe this fear is justified. Elderly patients who are hospitalized are at much higher risk of cognitive problems afterward, according to a study published on Wednesday in the journal Neurology. Joan would have to witness a number of stressful psychological factors. For one he would be unfamiliar withRead MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagespinpoint the roots of nursing. The motivations and concerns that underlie the nursing practice care, compassion, the need to ensure the health and happiness of others seem hardwired into our human nature, and have expressed themselves in a multitude of ways throughout human history, from mothers tending to their sick children to soldiers caring for their wounded brothers on the battlefield. But nursing science, the body of knowledge that has both arisen from and informed the nursing profession as we nowRead MoreEvidence Based Practice : Nursing Implications1399 Words   |  6 Pages Evidence Based Practice: Nursing Implications Misty DelCiampo Submitted to Sarah P. Combs PhD, MPH, RN in partial fulfillment of NR460 Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Regis University August 3rd, 2015 Evidence Based Practice Nursing Implications As the health care environment is becoming more complex, and technology is developing rapidly, the expectations of nurses has increased more than ever before. Times are rapidly changing and to keep up with these changes, nurses areRead MoreEssay on Happiness and Health in a Connecticut Nursing Home543 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause the results could help patients in nursing homes to be both happier and healthier. Langer and Rodins hypothesis was that if patients in a nursing home were given more control over their lives and activities, they would show improvements in mental alertness, activity level, satisfaction with life, and other measures of behavior and attitude. 3. The participants of this study was 91 individuals who were living at Arden House, a Connecticut nursing home. these individuals were separated intoRead MoreEssay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing986 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practice and that will develop more professionalRead MoreHistorical Timeline of Nursing Theories978 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - FlorenceRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesTheorist’s Biography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). MaslowRead MoreSociology and Psychology 823 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and psychology is the study of the mind and the environment around us which makes us who we are. These theories assist us to understand behaviour from individual and societal levels. Sociology is a study of society social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behaviour and allows us to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics of today’s society, looking at the interlinking links patterns of human behaviour. Sociology looks at the in which social structure

Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist Free Essays

string(53) " of the most significant periods in African slavery\." Societal values have changed so much since a hundred years ago. The development of science and the introduction of many intellectual movements have contributed much to these changes. Ideals which were deemed erroneous or immoral can be accepted and welcomed, and those widely accepted as scientific truths and fact can be debunked and proved wrong as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it is wrong to assume that every pillar in society can be changed. Several values and ideals have stood the test of time and were deemed universally and chronologically constant, because this is how society wants them to remain. These values, standards and norms therefore could be likened to a lens, since society uses these things to assess situations and the environmental factors they are exposed to. Everything that happens can be processed differently by different individuals, depending on the lens that he or she uses. There are some who manage to deviate from the norm and use unconventional â€Å"lenses† to view their environments and act upon situations differently than the usual. Similarly, how these people are viewed by the rest of society depend on the current value system. Usually, many of these revolutionaries become ostracized or even killed for their beliefs, as the changes they want to bring about may not agree or even violate some of the accepted norms and ideologies. John Brown is one such revolutionary, proposing change in the midst of pro-slavery America. His unconventional ideas and methods went against many standards of pro-slavery society that many saw threatening. However, as times changed and some values and ideologies were revolutionized, society’s views on John Brown’s life also changed. Some viewed him as a brilliant man who saw through American society’s fault, or a hero who died for the freedom of men who were stripped of liberty. Some also viewed him as a madman, a crazy zealot and one of America’s first terrorists. John Brown is also portrayed in various ways in popular culture, as his life and words are used in songs, plays and TV shows. Statement of the Problem As a prominent American historical figure, society’s opinion on John Brown is highly influenced by culture and value systems. However, it is a given that some of these values continuously fluctuate and some remain throughout time. With the changes in time and values from the time of John Brown’s active action and his death, how did public perception of him change? If so, what are the factors that affect these changes? Objectives This paper seeks to shed some light on how John Brown was viewed throughout history and time and what factors affected these perceptions of his character. An analysis of information regarding his portrayal in popular culture and a discussion on how these portrayals came about shall be included in this paper. Significance of the Study This study is geared towards looking at and analyzing John Brown’s life and seeing how society viewed him while he was alive and after his death. Since it has been established that there has been a conflicting public opinion regarding John Brown, this study will help shed some light on the reasons for this differing public opinion and analyze the factors that contribute to these differences. Using John Brown as a base, sociological dynamics can be more fully understood. Scope and Limitations This study shall only be using online articles, journals and some books as its reference. Data shall be gathered from these materials and a suitable data analysis by the author shall be the basis of the conclusions made in this paper. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Abolitionism and Slavery in the United States The Roots of Slavery Slavery in the United States involved the selling, purchase, ownership of African or even Native American slaves. It first began when the English built their community in Virginia in 1607 and ended up being widely-accepted tradition until 1865. Many of the slaves were gathered from pagan countries and this was written into law by 1705. In Columbia, a slave is defined in law as a human being who is â€Å"deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another. † It was legal to own and keep slaves for as long as they were still alive from 1654 to 1865. By 1860, ownership of slaves has become so widespread that a fourth of the population during that time are comprised of slaves. Disease, famine and damages caused by the war against Native Americans have kept available labor down, and this made importation of slaves more palatable for many business men. The slaves were treated as capital for labor intensive commerce such as the cash crop industry of tobacco. They were considered as the life line of the south’s agricultural industry. A large proportion of the slaves were owned by farmers from the south, as a single farmer there owned an average of 20 slaves. Labor intensive commerce was mostly found in the south as these regions grew tobacco, cotton and sugar as primary exports. Many of the slaves were found in these farms, and here they contributed much to the economic welfare of the country. Racial basis of slavery were not only applied to Africans and Native Americans, but also to some members of the Caucasian race. Some Europeans were also utilized as slaves under a contract to pay debts. These white slaves were only held for a limited amount of time and not fully owned like African slaves. Westward Expansion The westward expansionist tradition of the country not only brought about territory, but it also spread both the tradition of slavery. Many of the cotton farmers moved west and brought their slaves with them. Historians call this period the Second Middle Passage. Many of the slaves were forcefully removed from their families and communities to work for new farms in the west. This slave exodus marked one of the most significant periods in African slavery. You read "Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist" in category "Papers" African slaves were subjected to psychological stress due to their forceful exclusion from their families and familiar environments. The westward movement was extremely difficult. Aside from the psychological hardship that being away from their families presented, they were also subjected to physical difficulties. Most of them were forced to travel on foot, only stopping in temporary holding pens for slaves where further slave trade was performed. The slaves were mobilized in shackles and chains as traders feared violence ensuing from the slaves. In their destination, extremely difficult work was waiting for them. Many of the areas in the west were still undeveloped, and so the burden of clearing forests, building barns and pioneer-planting crops in the fields were placed on the slaves’ shoulders. Alongside the exhaustion from the intense labor, unfavourable working conditions and amenities contributed to the high mortality rate of newly arrived slaves. This condition was so economically unfavourable for the slave owners that many of them resorted to temporarily renting slaves than using their own to complete the work. Many of the slaves resisted after being exposed to such dreadful conditions which ultimately gave the farmers and their overseers more reason to resort to cruelty and aggression to control slaves. Brutalities towards the slaves were institutionalized by the court. Overseers can physically harm slaves and in some cases, even kill the dissenting slave. The owners were authorized by court to use the slaves and their families at his disposal. Members of the family can be used by the owner to pay-off debts or increase income by selling them as slaves. It is common to find slave families broken and hurt from the separation of husbands, wives and children from one another. The slaves were given amenities and benefits like food, health care and clothing but only to a bare minimum. Disabling slaves by maiming them and executions for fugitive slaves were allowed by law. Sexual abuse and rape of the slaves was also rampant. In court, slaves were considered sub-human. If one does commit a crime, however, he is considered as an entity capable of thought and act, and thus is regarded as a rational being. With all these brutalities toward slaves, it is important to note that the treatment of slaves is dependent on skin color. Light-skinned slaves were dressed, fed and treated better than the dark-skinned ones who worked mostly in the fields. Anti-slavery supporters coming from the north knew of the brutalities and abuses inflicted on the slaves of the south. They sought to stop the institution of slavery, and this produced much tension between the two parties. The north’s movement to abolish slavery went against the economic favourability of slavery during that time. The economy dictated the increasing value of labor intensive industries in the south, and so labourers are needed more than ever. Abolitionist movement With the enlightenment and awareness of people regarding human rights came the abolitionist movement. Slavery was something that violated the basic tenet of human rights and dignity, and so it had to be abolished. Northern states have begun to pass acts which declared that all men were born free and equal. Several movements that involved religion and political movements highly influenced the strength and expanse of abolitionist ideals throughout the country. The movements that supported abolitionism varied in method and degree. Some were pacifist, as they tried to use the legal system and passed legislation seeking to make slavery illegal. Others utilized literature and the press like Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of the famous novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Religious movements declared slavery to be sinful and un-Christian, to discourage believers from keeping and owning slaves. Only a minority of abolitionists used to armed revolt and instigation of unrest and anger among the slaves as the main machinery to further their cause. The movement continued its stride to abolish slavery, but its strongest anchor point came with the election of a known contester of slavery, Abraham Lincoln, as president. With the head of state holding this position of opposition of slavery, the south felt that their way of life was endangered and threatened. Economic repercussions will be felt by their planters in the cotton, tobacco and sugar farms if the hands that worked in the plantations were to be set free. The zenith of the tensions between the south and the north was the American Civil war. It broke out when the south organized and removed themselves from the control of the American government. Rise of Abolitionism Historian James McPherson defined an abolitionist as a person who has fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States before the Civil war. American abolition started early on, as there were several groups already fighting for the liberation of slaves, such as the Society of Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and there were several institutions which prohibited slavery already. Several states had passed laws that completely prohibited slavery in their territories. Those who joined the American Anti-Slavery Society or other groups were abolitionists. These movements were not unified, and so could not boast a unified strength. Vermont was the first territory to make slavery illegal, and Pennsylvania was the first state to abolish slavery in 1780. Then several states followed Pennsylvania’s example while some states chose to limit slave trading. Many of the states in the south retained the institution of slavery as it was the region’s life line in their plantations. Their strong adherence to the institution drove them to take a defensive stance against the rising popularity of the abolitionist movement. Many abolitionist writers distributed many anti-slavery writings and literature to the south to help spread the ideologies. Novels, pamphlets and other forms of writing began to circulate not just in the north, but also in the southern region. Southern officials were enraged at the act, and thus moved to ban all types of literature that might instigate rebellion and changes in the south. Violence was even employed to stop the circulation of antislavery media in the south. Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of an abolitionist newspaper was murdered by a mob of pro-slavery southerners. His printing press was also destroyed. Abolitionists recognized the fact that slavery needed to be abolished everywhere in the country, but the north cannot interfere with the affairs of the south because of federal ruling. Because of this, many abolitionists focused on liberating the north and skipping the southern states. Some abolitionists were frustrated and did not like this idea, as they believed that every state should be free of slavery. The movement was further fortified by the support of free African-Americans and their church. With the issue of the constitution, the American Abolitionist movement split up into two groups, the Garrisonians, led by William Garrison and Wendell Phillips and another camp led by Spooner and Gerrit Smith. The Garrisonians believed that the constitution promoted slavery while Spooner’s group believed the constitution to be antislavery. Since slavery was unconstitutional, it could be abolished with the blessing of the law. More divisions in the abolitionist movement arose, but because of the social classes of the abolitionists themselves. The artisans and elites divided themselves on the issue of slavery as well. The Underground Railroad was used as a venue by many abolitionists to become more active in the cause for abolition of slavery. Many of the fugitive slaves were illegally transported away from their masters to be free men via this rail. But the railroad was made illegal by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. But this did not stop the abolitionists from providing shelter and transporting slaves to freedom. How to cite Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist, Papers

Influence Triage Environment In Emergency â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Influence Triage Environment In Emergency? Answer: Introducation The critical evaluation of the qualitative study on the effect of emergency department (ED) triage environment on the triage practices for mentally-ill clients: in Australia was done. This critical appraisal report will judge both the positive and negative aspects of this study (Merriam-Webster, 2015). This article was published in the Australasian-Emergency Nursing- Journal(AENJ) which is an official journal of the CENA (College of Emergency- Nursing Australasia). AENJ (2017) provides the best emergency practices available for the clients, particularly mentally-ill clients to the emergency nurses by giving them higher-quality evidence that are relevant to their contemporary-practice. AENJ is an international-peer reviewed journal and is a conduit for research with impact score: 1.26, CiteScore:1.27, Source-Normalized Impact/Paper:0.897 and SCImago Journal-Rank:0.594 which has motivated me to select an article published in this journal to critically appraise (Shaban, 2017). AENJ is p ublished by the Emergency-Nurses Association of CENA of New South-Wales: Elsevier-Ltd. The authors Broadbent from Sunshine Coast-University; Moxham from Wollongong-University and Dwyer from Central-Queenslands University are the experts in the emergency-mental health department of Australia. As they are registered nurses in ED of regional-hospital, this study will be of higher value and hence this study has been selected to critically appraise so as to utilize these findings in practice. Background/aims They have given an elaborate and detailed background about the study (Boswell, n. d.). They have given a clear definition for practice environment in ED which forms the base for their study as the environment in which the people as well as physical architecture in a healthcare setting. They have given that there is a continuous increase in the number of mentally- ill client in ED of Australia which suggests the importance of determining the triage ED services to promote client care. They have given a detailed statistics about the prevalence of mental- illness in Australia with percentage of ED cases which is adequate. A review of literature is a clear summary of the research-study in which the researcher is interested (Polit, 2016). The literature review should be clear, well-organized, concise and summarized (Houser, 2011) which is evident in the study. The researchers have given all the literatures in a logical, systematic, organized and sequential fashion (Greenhalgh, 2010). They have described all the related articles in an unbiased manner by explaining the all the needed requirements appropriately. They have quoted current, relevant and appropriate studies with correct in-text citations except few old studies. Though the older studies may help to generalize the results, they may increase the chance of bias. They have mentioned about their need for the study by describing that they are intended to explore the problems associated with practicing in an ED environment with a clear focus on the assessment with management of mentally-ill clients is appropriate. As, ED triage-nurses have a greater role in performing triage assessment, the result of this study will help them to rule-out any discrepancies and improve their care. The ED triage-nurses should create a therapeutic- environment to provide client care but due to lack of appropriate studies makes them difficult to practice. Hence this study will help them to improve quality of ED-care. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of triaging ED-environment on the ED-triage practice of nurses in mentally- ill clients which is clear and achievable (Polit, 2016). Research methods According to Polit (2016), research-methods are the techniques that are employed by a researcher in structuring the research-study as well as in gathering and analysing the collected data in a systematic-fashion (Boswell, n. d.). It is evident from their way of structuring the study by adapting appropriate research methods and discussing in the text sequentially. A research-design is the overall-plan that is framed to address the research question that includes specifications for promoting the integrity of the research-study (Panneerselvam, 2014). In this study, qualitative design was employed which involves investigating the phenomena in a holistic, sequential, and in-depth fashion (Yin, 2015, Grossoehme, 2013). Ethnographic design was utilized to observe as well as analyze the emergency-care practices of ED-nurses in triaging mentally-ill clients with the analysis of the impact of triage-environment in the ED. As, ethnography involves exploring the cultural-influences of clinical-b ased practice in the practice environment, it best suits this study as it explores the emergency nursing-care in ED environment and also adds value to the clear understanding of the ED practice (Cooper, 2009). This study follows the findings of a larger (observational) ethnographic study which has determined the relationship of the triage staff-nurses with the specialized mental-health triage staff-nurses. Highly consistent with the research-methodology, the time period of 8 weeks that is spent in collecting data in ED regarding triage-practice is highly adequate. Reflexivity is the critical self-reflection about ones own biases, preferences as well as preconceptions (Polit, 2016). It is evident from the study that they have clearly introspected into their research problem and have reflected about their design adequately to enhance the quality of study. The target-population is the entire set of population where the researcher is collecting data and generalizing the results (Moule, 2013). In this study, they have selected appropriate group of triage ED-nurses caring mentally-ill clients; reported in ED of a hospital in regional-Australia. A sample is a group of population who are selected to participate in the study (Houser,2011). Their sampling process that involves selecting a portion of population from a target population is adequate (Moule, 2013). They have used purposive (judgmental) sampling which is a non-probability method that involves selecting samples based on the researchers personal judgment about participants. They have selected 28 ED triage-nurses who have been trained about triage-practices for mentally-ill clients; assigned in shifts. The sample-size of 28 is adequate for a qualitative study in which the sample-size is usually smaller and focused. Sample-size is calculated by power analysis to avoid sampling-errors which is not evident in this study. The research- setting is the physical-location with conditions where the collection of data takes. This study was conducted in regional Australian-hospital that is the largest ED that receives more than 44,000 clients/year including 4 and % of mentally-ill clients. They have sufficiently described the sample and research setting. Data-collection process is the formal procedure that is developed to guide collection of data in a systematic fashion (Polit, 2016). In this study, data was collected by participant observation; formal as well as informal semi-structured interviews that are conducted with triage ED-nurses, review of case-documents with collation of the field- notes. Participant-observation, which is a core-aspect in an ethnographic study with the observer herself being the study-participant, clearly reflects the technique adopted in this study. For this purpose, the researchers have interacted with the study-participants directly in face-to-face manner to gather data. They have conducted interviews with 28 ED triage-nurses who were assigned at triage work. They have not interviewed any clients who have presented to triage. Moreover, they have observed the nurse-patient interaction only to rule-out the influence of the triage-environment of ED on the triage ED-nurses practice. Interviewing is the best method as it provides an opportunity to the researcher to contextualize the data appropriately (Houser, 2011). Totally, they have conducted 2 individual and 10 group interviews with the triage ED-nurses. They have tape-recorded the interviews and they transcribed verbatim before data-analysis to minimize bias. These strategies of data collection appear to enhance trustworthiness of this study. Overall, the data collection and recoding processes appear adequate. They have got ethical clearance from two human-research ethical-committees and also obtained written-consent from the participants. Data-analysis Data-analysis involves systematic and comprehensive organization and synthesis of research-data (Polit, 2016). Thompson (2010) states that this analysis as an eclectic-process in which the collected data were organized and interpreted to discover underlying facts. The tape-recorded notes of interviews as well as observations were articulated into categories in such a way that their meanings could be easily understood. The comparative (constant) method that was given by Polit (2016) on strategies for a qualitative study was employed to analyze the information collected at the time of field-work. This method that was involved in analyzing the individual aspects of the information as well as comparing these informations with other aspects of information (data) by utilizing constant comparative method with theoretical-method of coding was adapted by the researchers independently of each other and was also compared to rule-out consistency and hence minimizes bias. They have drawn the mean ing from the collected information and have developed concepts with categories which were analyzed by examining appropriate literature. Their categories include triage environment, triage assessment and client management. They have found that an acoustic-phenomenon (noise-creep) (Field, 2008) reduces the ability to conduct a conversation in-spite of gathering personal details by the clerk and triage ED-nurse. Triage environment is like a public area in which the triage ED-nurses is not controlling the movement of staffs particularly in initial assessment-area whereas the triage ED-nurses specified that there is no control in the movement of clients; admitted for care in ED as well as the clients and families present in the waiting area, contributes to a very-busy and noisy assessment area. In-regard to triage assessment, it was noted that lack of privacy due to increased movement of staffs (wards-men) makes the assessment problematic. Their field observations suggest that the triage ED-nurses have felt to provide a separate and quite private space for mentally- ill clients to enable appropriate client assessment. Moreover, privacy and confidentiality should be maintained in a triage environment, which is also expected by the mentally- ill clients. The waiting room dynamics should be effectively managed so as provide a therapeutic landscape for the clients (Field, 2008). They also recommend providing a calm and safe area for clients having distress, manifesting features of agitation or clients requiring privacy. They have summarized the findings with supporting arguments. The categories capture the meaning of data adequately and the researchers have also conceptualized the categories clearly. Overall, the data- analysis has yielded provocative evidence that the triage environment in the ED affects the triage practices of mentally-ill clients adversely. Summary conclusion Triage ED-nurses working in ED will be busy in assessing the clients, accessing equipments and human-resources management in-order to enable quick decision-making and manage waiting rooms. As, ED triage-area has a impact on the behavior of client and the ability to provide patient-care and to perform triage assessment, they have to be controlled to improve quality-of-care. This is evident from the current study which suggests that the triage environment, particular lack of privacy and confidentiality and busy environment affects the triage practice for mentallyill clients in an emergency environment which is supported by Foureur (2010) and Olsen (2008). They also recommend that extensive studies should be proposed to study the ED-triage waiting-room design, patients ED-triage experience and by involving the triage nurses and ED users. Relevance to nursing practice Healthcare personnel should continuously work to draw solutions and find choices for better client outcome (Douglas, 2012). Various studies should be appraised to develop best evidences available (Aveyard, 2010). The health-care specifically for mentally-ill clients should follow all the ethical principles as beneficence, respect, maleficence, justice and trust-worthiness (Polit, 2016). Moreover, the healthcare professionals who are the frontline workers should provide care by following the contemporary practices to all the patients; irrespective of caste, creed or race; in all the healthcare settings, to all the age without discrimination (ANA, 2010, ICN, 2010). The triage practice in ED along with the management of patients having mental- illness those waiting in a larger public place is of a greater challenge for all the triage ED-nurses. This study finding will help the ED-triage nurses to understand that the ED triage practices are greatly influenced by a number of factors such as lack of privacy, lack of confidentiality, noisy and busy environment. This study will help to promote patient values by disseminating that the noisy and busy triage environment affects the client assessment and triage practice which will definitely in-turn make the Government and the administration to make alterations in physical setup of ED and waiting room and in managing external physical sources and providing a safe and private place for clients. Strathmann (2009) stated that the caring for mentally-ill clients begins even before a physician attends. So, it is the ED-nurses responsibility to provide safer environment which is a routine nursing care and also in ED areas where it is regarded as an essential skill (Andrews, 2008). Long (2011) suggested that the environment where care is rendered has a greater impact on the outcomes with behavior of clients, specifically in mentally-ill clients. Nurses who are considered as the therapeutic builders have a role in restoring, rejuvenating and wellbeing (Andrews, 2009). Morphet (2012) has also discussed about the methods of promoting the ED-triage environment that includes providing specialized mental-health triaging-area, improving nurse-client relationship for mentally-ill clients is appropriate. Nurses working in ED triage-area are cognizant of the impact of environment on the client assessment. Hence, these research-findings will make the ED nurses to understand the effect of tr iage environment on ED-triage practice of mentally-ill clients and help them to modify ED environment accordingly. Reference AENJ. (2017). Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal: College of Emergency Nursing Australasia. Retrieved from https://www.aenj.com.au/content/aims ANA. (2010). Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. American Nurses Association. Silver Spring, Maryland. Andrews, G Shaw, D. (2008). Clinical geography: nursing practice and the (re) making of space: J Nurs Manag. 16:46373. Aveyard, H. 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