College Is The Time Of Your Life - 1438 Words

Haakon Lovestad Dr. Van Bergen-Rylander 24 Nov. 2104 Every once in a while, one comes across the saying â€Å"college is the time of your life†, true enough, every person who has had the opportunity to attend college, regularly reminisces about the time they had. In all fairness, the time in college is indeed memorable. The reason as to why even Hollywood regularly releases movies with a theme and setting of college. What these movies inevitably end up doing is glamorizing the all things to do with college other than actually studying. In fact, in most instances, these movies glamorize parties, casual sex, drinking binges and use of drugs. To the high school teenager with raving hormones, this is a place to look forward to, which is if it ends up motivating them to the quests of higher grades. Nevertheless, parents and other stakeholders more so in the department of health are regularly wondering what exactly the place of sex in college is. (Bruce and Stewart) It is worth it to analyze the whole issue of sex with an open mind. The reason for this is that external influences cloud the perception of most regarding the topic of sex in relation to college. Society encourages modesty in matters relating to sex, ironically, the media is awash with sex if not explicitly, it is implicit. However, the common denominator to all this is the ever willingness of college girls to engage in sexual activity in a rather casual and care free manner. Therefore, it is within prudence to assumeShow MoreRelatedCollege Is An Exciting And Nervous Time Of Your Life1420 Words   |  6 PagesCollege is an exciting and nervous time of your life. It greatly affects what your life will be like afterward. I was super nervous in high school and worried about my test scores. Well, I did end up getting very worried about the tests I think I had the worst score in my class. When applying for colleges came around I knew that my options were limited to a few. I aimed really high, but I don’t regret it because I still was able to go to my second favorite college. My test scores came back to hauntRead MoreCollege Graduation Speech Outline1497 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A. How many years have you been in school? How many of you ever thought that once I enter college that I will have a lot of freedom? Have you ever considered how much your life will change once you enter college? B. Many of you upcoming freshman probably think that college is the same school except you have more freedom, especially now that you are consider as an adult but your whole life changes completely from how you behave in front of people, or whom you talk to, but most importantlyRead MoreCollege Is An Exciting And Wonderful Time1164 Words   |  5 PagesGoing to college is an exciting and wonderful time. Not only does it teach us many things but there it has a lot to offer. Going to college is a very different experience and the challenges that go with being a college student can affect you. College is a huge step in life and many say that college will either make or break you. I believe this statement because college isn’t something that isn’t taken lightly, this is very serious and crucial to your future and education. While there may be fun adventuresRead MoreWhy College Is Worth the Money?1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhy College is Worth the Money Right now in our society a college education is no longer an option or privilege, but rather a necessity. We are practically raised and conditioned to believe that one needs higher education in order to succeed in life. There is a saying that says if you think education is expensive, try ignorance. Nowadays, going to college is common in United States. According to the statistic, there are more than 70 percents of the student are going to college after high schoolRead MoreCollege Essay : College Improves Life1200 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish II 24 June 2015 College Improves Life Did you know that the average amount of parties that a college student goes to in a year is 62? Probably not, it is not a common thing to know. I am sure that lots of people have read stories or watched movies where college kids just drink and party. Also, that they are just there to party and skip classes. That is not true though, in most cases, you go to college to learn things and to help get a job or go to a university. Going to college greatly improvesRead MoreUnited States Culture Aim Toward Ensuring1471 Words   |  6 Pagestoward ensuring that everyone goes to college yes, united states should encourage everyone go to college because it helps people get out of poverty and explore in a career that could shape their lives. All people want to have a good job in life and have a good salary to change their future. Additionally, college can help you become more independent and successful in life. Unless the country is willing to more fully fund higher education for all everyone go ing to college is only a dream. Broader educationRead MoreCollege Is An Exciting Time For Incoming Freshman850 Words   |  4 Pages College can be an exciting time for incoming freshman, or at least that is what your family tells you. Beginning the journey into college brings a new sense of freedom, new living arrangements, new opportunities and a way to reinvent yourself. On average, 65.9% of high school graduates attend a college or university. (Norris, NYT) The number of jobs created increases daily and right now is the best time to begin a career that suits your interests and abilities, though most of these jobs will requireRead MoreStress on College Students797 Words   |  3 PagesRecently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students, 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of student s feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The causeRead MoreGeneral Purpose: To Persuade. Specific Purpose: The Look1628 Words   |  7 PagesSPECIFIC PURPOSE: The look into the purpose of why having a social life in college is important. INTRODUCTION: (Attention Step) ATTENTION GETTER: Is there ever a time that you’re studying and all you want to do is scream, throw, and break objects in frustration because you have not had a break in over 10 hours and you’re feeling overwhelmed? THESIS STATEMENT: (To have a social life in college + going out, hanging out or chilling with your friends, and getting involved in school + Call to Action) ETHOS:Read MoreCollege Education : High School College886 Words   |  4 Pagesschool seniors that get affected by the transition from college life. They are overly optimistic and confident in their ability to manage the challenges they will encounter in college. This freshman myth being blamed on by high school because in high school there is no help preparing students for the transition from high school to college, giving future students high expectation on academic, social and personal experiences for when entering college. But this becomes a domino effect because high schools

Importance of Psychology in Nursing - 786 Words

| Importance of Psychology in Nursing Practice | Roles amp; Perspectives | | Author Name | | University Name | It is very important to understand the psyche and thought process of the individuals for the people in Health related profession. That’s why Psychology plays a major role in the professional development of the nurses. This document is a study of the important perspectives of Psychology which are incorporated in Nursing practices. | Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Psychology 2 Nursing 2 The Relationship 2 Significance 3 References 5 Importance of Psychology in Nursing Practice Although both fields differ from each other apparently but still Psychology is interlinked with nursing†¦show more content†¦There are times when nurses are required to provide very basic care to the people they work with but the effort is always to change the thought process in a very positive manner (Barker, 2007). Significance * Byrne amp; Byrne(1992) state that psychological factors play an important part in the development and course of many illnesses and in the processes of recovery from them. Russell(1999, p. 180) solidify the importance saying that accurate identification of one’s problems and needs is critical to the process of effective nursing care, as it defines both the significance and quality of the nursing actions. * Second important consideration for nurses is regarding the focus on the external symptoms and management of physical pathology. The focus must also be on the patient’s response and reaction to illness. Different individuals have different reactions towards the entire process of illness. * Byrne amp; Byrne(1992, p. 29) say that nurses enter into the â€Å"system† soon as they get involved in the interpersonal interaction with the patient and in result this creates an environment for the care of patient. In this environment, nurses become part of a complex so cial psychological system which comprise of patient, medical staff and any relatives of patient. Walker, Payne, Smith, amp; Jarrett(2007) present some very solid facts showing the importance of psychology in nursing profession. They are as follows: * It is important to consider that howShow MoreRelatedPsychologys Influence on Nursing Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesAs defined by Mason and Whitehead, psychology is a branch of biological science which focuses on the study of conscious life in its origin (66). Mason and Whitehead go on to argue that conscious life refers to the experiences of the individual and origins refer to the particular group or issue being reviewed: e.g., child, adult, abnormal or animal (66-7). A basic examination of the definition of psychology demonstrates that the practice is one that requires understanding of the human experience andRead MoreEssay about Historical Development of Nursing Timeline1050 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of Nursing Timeline Blesilda Galsim NUR/513 March 6, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D.,R.N. Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Introduction The evolution of nursing as a profession had showed through time that it is both an art and science. Before the 19th century, the military and religious orders are the ones who perform the duties of how nurses work today. As time went by, different events throughout history such as wars and epidemics had shaped nursing to its presentRead MoreNursing Practice in a Given Scenario1787 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Practice and Responsibilities 2 Introduction Many older people fear that a hospital stay could leave them even more disabled than they were before. Unfortunately, theres new reason to believe this fear is justified. Elderly patients who are hospitalized are at much higher risk of cognitive problems afterward, according to a study published on Wednesday in the journal Neurology. Joan would have to witness a number of stressful psychological factors. For one he would be unfamiliar withRead MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagespinpoint the roots of nursing. The motivations and concerns that underlie the nursing practice care, compassion, the need to ensure the health and happiness of others seem hardwired into our human nature, and have expressed themselves in a multitude of ways throughout human history, from mothers tending to their sick children to soldiers caring for their wounded brothers on the battlefield. But nursing science, the body of knowledge that has both arisen from and informed the nursing profession as we nowRead MoreEvidence Based Practice : Nursing Implications1399 Words   |  6 Pages Evidence Based Practice: Nursing Implications Misty DelCiampo Submitted to Sarah P. Combs PhD, MPH, RN in partial fulfillment of NR460 Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Regis University August 3rd, 2015 Evidence Based Practice Nursing Implications As the health care environment is becoming more complex, and technology is developing rapidly, the expectations of nurses has increased more than ever before. Times are rapidly changing and to keep up with these changes, nurses areRead MoreEssay on Happiness and Health in a Connecticut Nursing Home543 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause the results could help patients in nursing homes to be both happier and healthier. Langer and Rodins hypothesis was that if patients in a nursing home were given more control over their lives and activities, they would show improvements in mental alertness, activity level, satisfaction with life, and other measures of behavior and attitude. 3. The participants of this study was 91 individuals who were living at Arden House, a Connecticut nursing home. these individuals were separated intoRead MoreEssay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing986 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practice and that will develop more professionalRead MoreHistorical Timeline of Nursing Theories978 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - FlorenceRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesTheorist’s Biography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). MaslowRead MoreSociology and Psychology 823 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and psychology is the study of the mind and the environment around us which makes us who we are. These theories assist us to understand behaviour from individual and societal levels. Sociology is a study of society social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behaviour and allows us to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics of today’s society, looking at the interlinking links patterns of human behaviour. Sociology looks at the in which social structure

Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist Free Essays

string(53) " of the most significant periods in African slavery\." Societal values have changed so much since a hundred years ago. The development of science and the introduction of many intellectual movements have contributed much to these changes. Ideals which were deemed erroneous or immoral can be accepted and welcomed, and those widely accepted as scientific truths and fact can be debunked and proved wrong as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it is wrong to assume that every pillar in society can be changed. Several values and ideals have stood the test of time and were deemed universally and chronologically constant, because this is how society wants them to remain. These values, standards and norms therefore could be likened to a lens, since society uses these things to assess situations and the environmental factors they are exposed to. Everything that happens can be processed differently by different individuals, depending on the lens that he or she uses. There are some who manage to deviate from the norm and use unconventional â€Å"lenses† to view their environments and act upon situations differently than the usual. Similarly, how these people are viewed by the rest of society depend on the current value system. Usually, many of these revolutionaries become ostracized or even killed for their beliefs, as the changes they want to bring about may not agree or even violate some of the accepted norms and ideologies. John Brown is one such revolutionary, proposing change in the midst of pro-slavery America. His unconventional ideas and methods went against many standards of pro-slavery society that many saw threatening. However, as times changed and some values and ideologies were revolutionized, society’s views on John Brown’s life also changed. Some viewed him as a brilliant man who saw through American society’s fault, or a hero who died for the freedom of men who were stripped of liberty. Some also viewed him as a madman, a crazy zealot and one of America’s first terrorists. John Brown is also portrayed in various ways in popular culture, as his life and words are used in songs, plays and TV shows. Statement of the Problem As a prominent American historical figure, society’s opinion on John Brown is highly influenced by culture and value systems. However, it is a given that some of these values continuously fluctuate and some remain throughout time. With the changes in time and values from the time of John Brown’s active action and his death, how did public perception of him change? If so, what are the factors that affect these changes? Objectives This paper seeks to shed some light on how John Brown was viewed throughout history and time and what factors affected these perceptions of his character. An analysis of information regarding his portrayal in popular culture and a discussion on how these portrayals came about shall be included in this paper. Significance of the Study This study is geared towards looking at and analyzing John Brown’s life and seeing how society viewed him while he was alive and after his death. Since it has been established that there has been a conflicting public opinion regarding John Brown, this study will help shed some light on the reasons for this differing public opinion and analyze the factors that contribute to these differences. Using John Brown as a base, sociological dynamics can be more fully understood. Scope and Limitations This study shall only be using online articles, journals and some books as its reference. Data shall be gathered from these materials and a suitable data analysis by the author shall be the basis of the conclusions made in this paper. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Abolitionism and Slavery in the United States The Roots of Slavery Slavery in the United States involved the selling, purchase, ownership of African or even Native American slaves. It first began when the English built their community in Virginia in 1607 and ended up being widely-accepted tradition until 1865. Many of the slaves were gathered from pagan countries and this was written into law by 1705. In Columbia, a slave is defined in law as a human being who is â€Å"deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another. † It was legal to own and keep slaves for as long as they were still alive from 1654 to 1865. By 1860, ownership of slaves has become so widespread that a fourth of the population during that time are comprised of slaves. Disease, famine and damages caused by the war against Native Americans have kept available labor down, and this made importation of slaves more palatable for many business men. The slaves were treated as capital for labor intensive commerce such as the cash crop industry of tobacco. They were considered as the life line of the south’s agricultural industry. A large proportion of the slaves were owned by farmers from the south, as a single farmer there owned an average of 20 slaves. Labor intensive commerce was mostly found in the south as these regions grew tobacco, cotton and sugar as primary exports. Many of the slaves were found in these farms, and here they contributed much to the economic welfare of the country. Racial basis of slavery were not only applied to Africans and Native Americans, but also to some members of the Caucasian race. Some Europeans were also utilized as slaves under a contract to pay debts. These white slaves were only held for a limited amount of time and not fully owned like African slaves. Westward Expansion The westward expansionist tradition of the country not only brought about territory, but it also spread both the tradition of slavery. Many of the cotton farmers moved west and brought their slaves with them. Historians call this period the Second Middle Passage. Many of the slaves were forcefully removed from their families and communities to work for new farms in the west. This slave exodus marked one of the most significant periods in African slavery. You read "Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist" in category "Papers" African slaves were subjected to psychological stress due to their forceful exclusion from their families and familiar environments. The westward movement was extremely difficult. Aside from the psychological hardship that being away from their families presented, they were also subjected to physical difficulties. Most of them were forced to travel on foot, only stopping in temporary holding pens for slaves where further slave trade was performed. The slaves were mobilized in shackles and chains as traders feared violence ensuing from the slaves. In their destination, extremely difficult work was waiting for them. Many of the areas in the west were still undeveloped, and so the burden of clearing forests, building barns and pioneer-planting crops in the fields were placed on the slaves’ shoulders. Alongside the exhaustion from the intense labor, unfavourable working conditions and amenities contributed to the high mortality rate of newly arrived slaves. This condition was so economically unfavourable for the slave owners that many of them resorted to temporarily renting slaves than using their own to complete the work. Many of the slaves resisted after being exposed to such dreadful conditions which ultimately gave the farmers and their overseers more reason to resort to cruelty and aggression to control slaves. Brutalities towards the slaves were institutionalized by the court. Overseers can physically harm slaves and in some cases, even kill the dissenting slave. The owners were authorized by court to use the slaves and their families at his disposal. Members of the family can be used by the owner to pay-off debts or increase income by selling them as slaves. It is common to find slave families broken and hurt from the separation of husbands, wives and children from one another. The slaves were given amenities and benefits like food, health care and clothing but only to a bare minimum. Disabling slaves by maiming them and executions for fugitive slaves were allowed by law. Sexual abuse and rape of the slaves was also rampant. In court, slaves were considered sub-human. If one does commit a crime, however, he is considered as an entity capable of thought and act, and thus is regarded as a rational being. With all these brutalities toward slaves, it is important to note that the treatment of slaves is dependent on skin color. Light-skinned slaves were dressed, fed and treated better than the dark-skinned ones who worked mostly in the fields. Anti-slavery supporters coming from the north knew of the brutalities and abuses inflicted on the slaves of the south. They sought to stop the institution of slavery, and this produced much tension between the two parties. The north’s movement to abolish slavery went against the economic favourability of slavery during that time. The economy dictated the increasing value of labor intensive industries in the south, and so labourers are needed more than ever. Abolitionist movement With the enlightenment and awareness of people regarding human rights came the abolitionist movement. Slavery was something that violated the basic tenet of human rights and dignity, and so it had to be abolished. Northern states have begun to pass acts which declared that all men were born free and equal. Several movements that involved religion and political movements highly influenced the strength and expanse of abolitionist ideals throughout the country. The movements that supported abolitionism varied in method and degree. Some were pacifist, as they tried to use the legal system and passed legislation seeking to make slavery illegal. Others utilized literature and the press like Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of the famous novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Religious movements declared slavery to be sinful and un-Christian, to discourage believers from keeping and owning slaves. Only a minority of abolitionists used to armed revolt and instigation of unrest and anger among the slaves as the main machinery to further their cause. The movement continued its stride to abolish slavery, but its strongest anchor point came with the election of a known contester of slavery, Abraham Lincoln, as president. With the head of state holding this position of opposition of slavery, the south felt that their way of life was endangered and threatened. Economic repercussions will be felt by their planters in the cotton, tobacco and sugar farms if the hands that worked in the plantations were to be set free. The zenith of the tensions between the south and the north was the American Civil war. It broke out when the south organized and removed themselves from the control of the American government. Rise of Abolitionism Historian James McPherson defined an abolitionist as a person who has fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States before the Civil war. American abolition started early on, as there were several groups already fighting for the liberation of slaves, such as the Society of Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and there were several institutions which prohibited slavery already. Several states had passed laws that completely prohibited slavery in their territories. Those who joined the American Anti-Slavery Society or other groups were abolitionists. These movements were not unified, and so could not boast a unified strength. Vermont was the first territory to make slavery illegal, and Pennsylvania was the first state to abolish slavery in 1780. Then several states followed Pennsylvania’s example while some states chose to limit slave trading. Many of the states in the south retained the institution of slavery as it was the region’s life line in their plantations. Their strong adherence to the institution drove them to take a defensive stance against the rising popularity of the abolitionist movement. Many abolitionist writers distributed many anti-slavery writings and literature to the south to help spread the ideologies. Novels, pamphlets and other forms of writing began to circulate not just in the north, but also in the southern region. Southern officials were enraged at the act, and thus moved to ban all types of literature that might instigate rebellion and changes in the south. Violence was even employed to stop the circulation of antislavery media in the south. Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of an abolitionist newspaper was murdered by a mob of pro-slavery southerners. His printing press was also destroyed. Abolitionists recognized the fact that slavery needed to be abolished everywhere in the country, but the north cannot interfere with the affairs of the south because of federal ruling. Because of this, many abolitionists focused on liberating the north and skipping the southern states. Some abolitionists were frustrated and did not like this idea, as they believed that every state should be free of slavery. The movement was further fortified by the support of free African-Americans and their church. With the issue of the constitution, the American Abolitionist movement split up into two groups, the Garrisonians, led by William Garrison and Wendell Phillips and another camp led by Spooner and Gerrit Smith. The Garrisonians believed that the constitution promoted slavery while Spooner’s group believed the constitution to be antislavery. Since slavery was unconstitutional, it could be abolished with the blessing of the law. More divisions in the abolitionist movement arose, but because of the social classes of the abolitionists themselves. The artisans and elites divided themselves on the issue of slavery as well. The Underground Railroad was used as a venue by many abolitionists to become more active in the cause for abolition of slavery. Many of the fugitive slaves were illegally transported away from their masters to be free men via this rail. But the railroad was made illegal by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. But this did not stop the abolitionists from providing shelter and transporting slaves to freedom. How to cite Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist, Papers

Influence Triage Environment In Emergency â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Influence Triage Environment In Emergency? Answer: Introducation The critical evaluation of the qualitative study on the effect of emergency department (ED) triage environment on the triage practices for mentally-ill clients: in Australia was done. This critical appraisal report will judge both the positive and negative aspects of this study (Merriam-Webster, 2015). This article was published in the Australasian-Emergency Nursing- Journal(AENJ) which is an official journal of the CENA (College of Emergency- Nursing Australasia). AENJ (2017) provides the best emergency practices available for the clients, particularly mentally-ill clients to the emergency nurses by giving them higher-quality evidence that are relevant to their contemporary-practice. AENJ is an international-peer reviewed journal and is a conduit for research with impact score: 1.26, CiteScore:1.27, Source-Normalized Impact/Paper:0.897 and SCImago Journal-Rank:0.594 which has motivated me to select an article published in this journal to critically appraise (Shaban, 2017). AENJ is p ublished by the Emergency-Nurses Association of CENA of New South-Wales: Elsevier-Ltd. The authors Broadbent from Sunshine Coast-University; Moxham from Wollongong-University and Dwyer from Central-Queenslands University are the experts in the emergency-mental health department of Australia. As they are registered nurses in ED of regional-hospital, this study will be of higher value and hence this study has been selected to critically appraise so as to utilize these findings in practice. Background/aims They have given an elaborate and detailed background about the study (Boswell, n. d.). They have given a clear definition for practice environment in ED which forms the base for their study as the environment in which the people as well as physical architecture in a healthcare setting. They have given that there is a continuous increase in the number of mentally- ill client in ED of Australia which suggests the importance of determining the triage ED services to promote client care. They have given a detailed statistics about the prevalence of mental- illness in Australia with percentage of ED cases which is adequate. A review of literature is a clear summary of the research-study in which the researcher is interested (Polit, 2016). The literature review should be clear, well-organized, concise and summarized (Houser, 2011) which is evident in the study. The researchers have given all the literatures in a logical, systematic, organized and sequential fashion (Greenhalgh, 2010). They have described all the related articles in an unbiased manner by explaining the all the needed requirements appropriately. They have quoted current, relevant and appropriate studies with correct in-text citations except few old studies. Though the older studies may help to generalize the results, they may increase the chance of bias. They have mentioned about their need for the study by describing that they are intended to explore the problems associated with practicing in an ED environment with a clear focus on the assessment with management of mentally-ill clients is appropriate. As, ED triage-nurses have a greater role in performing triage assessment, the result of this study will help them to rule-out any discrepancies and improve their care. The ED triage-nurses should create a therapeutic- environment to provide client care but due to lack of appropriate studies makes them difficult to practice. Hence this study will help them to improve quality of ED-care. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of triaging ED-environment on the ED-triage practice of nurses in mentally- ill clients which is clear and achievable (Polit, 2016). Research methods According to Polit (2016), research-methods are the techniques that are employed by a researcher in structuring the research-study as well as in gathering and analysing the collected data in a systematic-fashion (Boswell, n. d.). It is evident from their way of structuring the study by adapting appropriate research methods and discussing in the text sequentially. A research-design is the overall-plan that is framed to address the research question that includes specifications for promoting the integrity of the research-study (Panneerselvam, 2014). In this study, qualitative design was employed which involves investigating the phenomena in a holistic, sequential, and in-depth fashion (Yin, 2015, Grossoehme, 2013). Ethnographic design was utilized to observe as well as analyze the emergency-care practices of ED-nurses in triaging mentally-ill clients with the analysis of the impact of triage-environment in the ED. As, ethnography involves exploring the cultural-influences of clinical-b ased practice in the practice environment, it best suits this study as it explores the emergency nursing-care in ED environment and also adds value to the clear understanding of the ED practice (Cooper, 2009). This study follows the findings of a larger (observational) ethnographic study which has determined the relationship of the triage staff-nurses with the specialized mental-health triage staff-nurses. Highly consistent with the research-methodology, the time period of 8 weeks that is spent in collecting data in ED regarding triage-practice is highly adequate. Reflexivity is the critical self-reflection about ones own biases, preferences as well as preconceptions (Polit, 2016). It is evident from the study that they have clearly introspected into their research problem and have reflected about their design adequately to enhance the quality of study. The target-population is the entire set of population where the researcher is collecting data and generalizing the results (Moule, 2013). In this study, they have selected appropriate group of triage ED-nurses caring mentally-ill clients; reported in ED of a hospital in regional-Australia. A sample is a group of population who are selected to participate in the study (Houser,2011). Their sampling process that involves selecting a portion of population from a target population is adequate (Moule, 2013). They have used purposive (judgmental) sampling which is a non-probability method that involves selecting samples based on the researchers personal judgment about participants. They have selected 28 ED triage-nurses who have been trained about triage-practices for mentally-ill clients; assigned in shifts. The sample-size of 28 is adequate for a qualitative study in which the sample-size is usually smaller and focused. Sample-size is calculated by power analysis to avoid sampling-errors which is not evident in this study. The research- setting is the physical-location with conditions where the collection of data takes. This study was conducted in regional Australian-hospital that is the largest ED that receives more than 44,000 clients/year including 4 and % of mentally-ill clients. They have sufficiently described the sample and research setting. Data-collection process is the formal procedure that is developed to guide collection of data in a systematic fashion (Polit, 2016). In this study, data was collected by participant observation; formal as well as informal semi-structured interviews that are conducted with triage ED-nurses, review of case-documents with collation of the field- notes. Participant-observation, which is a core-aspect in an ethnographic study with the observer herself being the study-participant, clearly reflects the technique adopted in this study. For this purpose, the researchers have interacted with the study-participants directly in face-to-face manner to gather data. They have conducted interviews with 28 ED triage-nurses who were assigned at triage work. They have not interviewed any clients who have presented to triage. Moreover, they have observed the nurse-patient interaction only to rule-out the influence of the triage-environment of ED on the triage ED-nurses practice. Interviewing is the best method as it provides an opportunity to the researcher to contextualize the data appropriately (Houser, 2011). Totally, they have conducted 2 individual and 10 group interviews with the triage ED-nurses. They have tape-recorded the interviews and they transcribed verbatim before data-analysis to minimize bias. These strategies of data collection appear to enhance trustworthiness of this study. Overall, the data collection and recoding processes appear adequate. They have got ethical clearance from two human-research ethical-committees and also obtained written-consent from the participants. Data-analysis Data-analysis involves systematic and comprehensive organization and synthesis of research-data (Polit, 2016). Thompson (2010) states that this analysis as an eclectic-process in which the collected data were organized and interpreted to discover underlying facts. The tape-recorded notes of interviews as well as observations were articulated into categories in such a way that their meanings could be easily understood. The comparative (constant) method that was given by Polit (2016) on strategies for a qualitative study was employed to analyze the information collected at the time of field-work. This method that was involved in analyzing the individual aspects of the information as well as comparing these informations with other aspects of information (data) by utilizing constant comparative method with theoretical-method of coding was adapted by the researchers independently of each other and was also compared to rule-out consistency and hence minimizes bias. They have drawn the mean ing from the collected information and have developed concepts with categories which were analyzed by examining appropriate literature. Their categories include triage environment, triage assessment and client management. They have found that an acoustic-phenomenon (noise-creep) (Field, 2008) reduces the ability to conduct a conversation in-spite of gathering personal details by the clerk and triage ED-nurse. Triage environment is like a public area in which the triage ED-nurses is not controlling the movement of staffs particularly in initial assessment-area whereas the triage ED-nurses specified that there is no control in the movement of clients; admitted for care in ED as well as the clients and families present in the waiting area, contributes to a very-busy and noisy assessment area. In-regard to triage assessment, it was noted that lack of privacy due to increased movement of staffs (wards-men) makes the assessment problematic. Their field observations suggest that the triage ED-nurses have felt to provide a separate and quite private space for mentally- ill clients to enable appropriate client assessment. Moreover, privacy and confidentiality should be maintained in a triage environment, which is also expected by the mentally- ill clients. The waiting room dynamics should be effectively managed so as provide a therapeutic landscape for the clients (Field, 2008). They also recommend providing a calm and safe area for clients having distress, manifesting features of agitation or clients requiring privacy. They have summarized the findings with supporting arguments. The categories capture the meaning of data adequately and the researchers have also conceptualized the categories clearly. Overall, the data- analysis has yielded provocative evidence that the triage environment in the ED affects the triage practices of mentally-ill clients adversely. Summary conclusion Triage ED-nurses working in ED will be busy in assessing the clients, accessing equipments and human-resources management in-order to enable quick decision-making and manage waiting rooms. As, ED triage-area has a impact on the behavior of client and the ability to provide patient-care and to perform triage assessment, they have to be controlled to improve quality-of-care. This is evident from the current study which suggests that the triage environment, particular lack of privacy and confidentiality and busy environment affects the triage practice for mentallyill clients in an emergency environment which is supported by Foureur (2010) and Olsen (2008). They also recommend that extensive studies should be proposed to study the ED-triage waiting-room design, patients ED-triage experience and by involving the triage nurses and ED users. Relevance to nursing practice Healthcare personnel should continuously work to draw solutions and find choices for better client outcome (Douglas, 2012). Various studies should be appraised to develop best evidences available (Aveyard, 2010). The health-care specifically for mentally-ill clients should follow all the ethical principles as beneficence, respect, maleficence, justice and trust-worthiness (Polit, 2016). Moreover, the healthcare professionals who are the frontline workers should provide care by following the contemporary practices to all the patients; irrespective of caste, creed or race; in all the healthcare settings, to all the age without discrimination (ANA, 2010, ICN, 2010). The triage practice in ED along with the management of patients having mental- illness those waiting in a larger public place is of a greater challenge for all the triage ED-nurses. This study finding will help the ED-triage nurses to understand that the ED triage practices are greatly influenced by a number of factors such as lack of privacy, lack of confidentiality, noisy and busy environment. This study will help to promote patient values by disseminating that the noisy and busy triage environment affects the client assessment and triage practice which will definitely in-turn make the Government and the administration to make alterations in physical setup of ED and waiting room and in managing external physical sources and providing a safe and private place for clients. Strathmann (2009) stated that the caring for mentally-ill clients begins even before a physician attends. So, it is the ED-nurses responsibility to provide safer environment which is a routine nursing care and also in ED areas where it is regarded as an essential skill (Andrews, 2008). Long (2011) suggested that the environment where care is rendered has a greater impact on the outcomes with behavior of clients, specifically in mentally-ill clients. Nurses who are considered as the therapeutic builders have a role in restoring, rejuvenating and wellbeing (Andrews, 2009). Morphet (2012) has also discussed about the methods of promoting the ED-triage environment that includes providing specialized mental-health triaging-area, improving nurse-client relationship for mentally-ill clients is appropriate. Nurses working in ED triage-area are cognizant of the impact of environment on the client assessment. Hence, these research-findings will make the ED nurses to understand the effect of tr iage environment on ED-triage practice of mentally-ill clients and help them to modify ED environment accordingly. Reference AENJ. (2017). Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal: College of Emergency Nursing Australasia. Retrieved from https://www.aenj.com.au/content/aims ANA. (2010). Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. American Nurses Association. Silver Spring, Maryland. Andrews, G Shaw, D. (2008). Clinical geography: nursing practice and the (re) making of space: J Nurs Manag. 16:46373. Aveyard, H. (2010).Doing a literature review in health and social care: a practical guide (second edition). Open University Press: Berkshire, England. Boswell, C. (n. d). Chapter14: The research critique process and the evidence based appraisal process. Retrieved from https://samples.jbpub.com/9781284079654/9781284108958_CH14_Pass03.pdf Cooper, S et al. (2009). Qualitative research: specific designs for qualitative research in emergency care: Emerg MedJ. 26:7736.21 Field, C. (2008). Acoustic design in green buildings. ASHRAE J. 50(9):6070.28 ISSN:1574-6267 Foureur, M et al. (2010). The relationship between birth unit design and a safe,satisfying birth: developing a hypothetical model: Midwifery. 26(5):5205.35. Greenhalgh, T. (2010).How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine. (4th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ Books: Oxford. Grossoehme, D.H et al. (2013). "I honestly believe God keeps me healthy so I can take care of my child: Parental use of faith related to treatment adherence:Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy.19(2):6678.doi: 10.1080/08854726.2013.779540. Houser, J. (2011). Nursing Research. Retrieved form https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1449677444 ICN. (2010). The ICN definition of Nursing. Retrieved from https://www.ich.in/definition.htm Long, C.G et al. (2011). Architectural change and effects on the perceptions of the ward environment in a medium secure unit for women: Br J Forensic Pract. 13(3):20512.33 Merriam-Webster. (2015). Critique. Retrieved from https: www//learners dictionary.com/search/ Critique Morphet, J et al. (2012). Managing people with mental health presentations in emergency departments a service exploration of the issues surrounding responsiveness from a mental health care consumer and carer perspective: Aust Emerg Nurs J. 15(3):14855 Moule, P Goodman, M.(2013).Nursing Research: An Introduction. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1446293521 Olsen, J.C et al. (2008). Emergency department design and patient perceptions of privacy and confidentiality: J Emerg Med. 35(3):31720. Panneerselvam, R. (2014). Research Methodology. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=8120349466 Polit, D.F Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: New Delhi. Shaban, R. (2017). Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/australasian-emergency-nursing-journal Strathmann, C Hay, M.C. (2009). Working the waiting room: managing fear, hope, and rage at the clinic gate: Med Anthropol. 28(3):21234. Thomson, D. (2010). The social meaning and function of humour in phys-iotherapy practice: an ethnography: Physiother Theory Pract. 26(1):111.25 Yin, R.K. (2015). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1462521347

A Yellow Wallpape Essays

A Yellow Wallpape Essays A Yellow Wallpape Essay A Yellow Wallpape Essay Essay Topic: The Yellow Wallpaper I find â€Å"A Yellow Wallpaper† disturbing because of the author’s grim exploration of the dark underside of women’s subjugation in society. Gilman’s macabre attack on the story’s theme shocks readers to the kind of reality most women are faced with. On the outside, it may appear as John is genuinely concerned about his wife’s well-being but his affection turns out to be problematic and laden with hidden political underpinnings. John, along with the protagonist’s brother and Jennie all look down on her because of her unstable condition. I noticed that it is so easy for the other characters to assume that the protagonist is not mentally sound just because she is experiencing excessive emotional stress. According to the story, she has just given birth at that time. It may be that she is undergoing post partum depression which is why she is always weepy and lonely. Add that to the fact that she is kept in complete isolation and inactivit y. The curative prescription of her husband is definitely bizarre and insane to say the least. Why would you prescribe a mother, who is already suffering from sudden fits of melancholy, with prolonged confinement and passivity? That will only exacerbate her gloom a thousand times over.   Happiness is supposed to be the best medicine yet John prevented her from doing the thing she desires the most- writing. (pg 286) Despite her husband’s strict prohibitions she kept writing in her journal all the same. If anything, it is the only reason that kept her from losing her sanity. Just like a friend, the journal kept her company during all those silent and dark moments of alienation. Moreover, her journal entries give solid proof to the lucidity of her mind. Her accurate descriptions and informed narration give testament to her healthy and sound judgment. Just because the protagonist is emotionally vulnerable it is convenient for the society and the people around her to question he r sanity. Gilman demonstrates that women are misconstrued as immediate victims of madness and hysteria because of their biological make up. I also like the way Gilman also used symbolism to expose the anonymous and almost nonexistent life that women are made to undergo. The nameless protagonist shows that many women are stifled from achieving their own persons. Thus, they are oftentimes disregarded as unknown faces in society. Just like the woman lurking behind the wallpaper pattern, females are taken as shadows which blend seamlessly against the background.   The protagonist’s lack of name or identification suggests her missing identity. She never had a life of her own except from the secondary existence of a wife and mother. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why is the wallpaper colored yellow? What symbolisms does the yellow color represent? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why are there severed heads of women within the pattern of the wallpaper? What do they stand for? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How did the use of journal writing as a form of story telling advanced the theme of the story?

Booker T. washington essays

Booker T. washington essays "Booker T. Washington" written by Alan Schroeder, describes the life, trails and tribulations that were encountered by Booker T. Washington in his journey to becoming one of the most recognized black leaders that our nation has seen. Alan Schroeder is the award-winning author of several American Library Association picture books aside from Booker T. Washington. His works include such books as "Lily and the Wooden Bowl", "Carolina Shout" and "Menty". The first book that he wrote, Ragtime Tumpie" which describes the childhood of Josephine Baker, was chosen as an American Library Association, a booklist Children's Editor's Choice and a Parents Choice award winner. Booker T Washington was Born on April 5, 1856 near Hales' Ford, Virginia to a woman named Jane. The whereabouts and identity of his father are uncertain but it is likely that his father was a white man. Upon his birth, Booker was legal property of James Burroughs. For 9 years Booker lived with his mother and siblings a brother and a sister in a small house on the Burroughs Plantation. When Booker was old enough he began to work feeding the hogs and taking water to the men in the fields. It was around this time that Booker came to realize that he had a desire to learn. On occasion, Booker was sent to walk the daughters of James Burroughs to the local school house, which heightened his desire to learn. In 1861 the civil war began which involved the issue of slavery. The north wanted to abolish while the south wanted to pursue it. On September 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that as of January 1, 1863 all slaves living i n the Confederate South were forever be free. In April 9, 1865 Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee surrendered to the north, thus bringing an end to the civil war. Before the end of the war, however, Booker's stepfather, Washington Ferguson has escaped to Malden, West Virginia and by 1865 rai...

Apple, Microsoft, IBM and Others Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple, Microsoft, IBM and Others - Assignment Example The success of these technologies is in part due to their similarity to gestures we undertake in our daily lives, and build on the success of the previous Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing (WIMP) system that revolutionized the computer world. Those using a Starwood Hotel would benefit in numerous ways from the input of touchscreen technology. Not only would it allow menus and cinema times (as well as countless other pieces of information) to be displayed all on one screen, it would allow the user to browse these in a way that would already be familiar to them. It would allow them to order room service without worrying about a lost menu, and items that were unavailable could be updated in real-time. There may be disruptions in inputting this device, because it would need to be put in every room as well as be linked to a central mainframe service. This would be of considerable economic expense also. It may also cause the loss of several jobs in the area. Other disruptions would come later, when the central server may be down or the technology is updated. The quote by Bill Buxton is interesting, because it suggests that the touch screen technology of today will replace the more traditional WIMP systems. It would probably take a lot for this to occur, because the WIMP system is already fairly intuitive and ingrained into the collective mentality of users. Touch screen technology is not completely intuitive either, because in reality we do not drag two fingers apart to see something more closely, but we simply walk closer. It would be interesting to see this level of intuitiveness involved in the market, and it may be this all-encompassing type of computer usage that gives us the replacement for the WIMP system. Touch technology also has issues when it comes to sensitivity and size, as some users and interfaces are difficult to use in that they are too responsive or not responsive enough, and the size may be wrong for young or very large users. It will

Critically discuss the organisational purposes that job analysis can Essay

Critically discuss the organisational purposes that job analysis can serve - Essay Example Job analysis in the words of Armstrong (2006, p.446) is â€Å"the process of collecting, analyzing and setting out information about the content of jobs in order to provide the basis for a job description and data for recruitment, training, job evaluation and performance management. Job analysis concentrates on what job holders are expected to do.† The data collected in this practice pertains to the identification of job, its nature, involved operations, type and use of materials and equipments, inter-relation with other jobs and also the attributes of the person who will be handling the job- capabilities, training, educational level, competencies, knowledge, et cetera. Job analysis thus aims at planning for and analyzing the external environment factors or task and role components on which people have to be fit in according to their suitability and relevance. Successful human resources entail properly defined and prior settings of parameters related to worker’s abiliti es, job activities and environmental components. Job analysis serves as the pre-requisite in inter-linking these three types of analyses namely- worker, job and environmental; and account for overall designing of jobs, role and tasks and respective skills and talents demanded to fill those jobs (Pilbeam & Corbridge 2010). The US Department of Labor (2004) devised the Occupational Information Network database for categorized information on different occupations. Better known as O*NET, the classification diagram (Figure 1) depicts all broad and specific descriptors required to analyze a job. Jonassen et al. (1999, p.64) present a comprehensive view of the O*NET whereby the work descriptors are segregated into experience, worker and occupation requirements, characteristics regarding worker and occupation and other specifications. Figure 1 demonstrates the specific components covered under the three analyses heads which make up the sections for data collection in job analysis. In the co ncerned figure, the data heads pertaining to the job make up the Job Description while those related to the individual are known as Job Specification. Thus, these two are the outputs of job analysis function (IRS 2003). Figure 1: Occupational Network Diagram Source: Jonassen et al. (1999, p.64) Organizational structure is comprised of occupations which are characterized by jobs possessing similar characteristics- for example; the occupation of marketing involves closely related marketing activities but come under the commonality of marketing occupation. Every occupation in turn is made up of different positions whereby tasks assigned to people are different based on their competencies and abilities. This is where the role of job analysis emerges. Job analysis serves as the building block of organizational structure because it differentiates the position of individuals from that of their actual assigned tasks and roles. Such minute details establish processes, work methods, performan ce standards, training and development needs, incentives and compensation and promotion and appraisal plans for each job, position and occupation, based on the three analyses conducted. Job analysis assumes important place in human resources management because of its significance and implications in both strategic and operational issues of an organization. Job analysis when broken

Turning Disaster into Economic Development (Dark Tourism) Research Paper

Turning Disaster into Economic Development (Dark Tourism) - Research Paper Example To have such a memorial, there are psychosocial dynamics that have to be considered to balance its economic importance with its social significance to the people in the region. This way, the society will feel as being part of the project hence embrace it as their own. Establishing a Tsunami memorial center in Phuket has been marred with contention trying to balance the economic significance of such a move with the psychosocial aspects involved considering that the 2004 tsunami led to the loss of many lives in the region. This study is therefore aimed at addressing the dynamics involved in incepting the memorial center to know whether its economic significance will surpass the social aspects such as reminding the inhabitants of the tsunami that claimed so many lives from their midst. December 26, 2004 was marked by one of the biggest tsunamis to ever hit Phuket (Abby, 2009). According to geologists, this specific one was triggered by an undersea mega thrust Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The exact values from the destruction were controversial though the number of the lives lost was speculated to be around 280 thousands with another fourteen thousand missing. The Tsunami mega waves reached thirty meters which was the highest value is ever recorded fo r in such a catastrophe. Among the countries hit by the Tsunami in Asia include Singapore, Bangladesh, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. In all of these countries, many people were reported to have lost their lives with many more being displaced or missing (Kirtz & Kehnemui, 2004). More than ten years after the Tsunami disaster, a Tsunami Memorial recreation center has been established in Thailand. The joint initiative which includes the local community who were directly affected by the disaster is a new attraction site with a wall engraved with the names of those people who died in the disaster bringing back the remorseful memories to

Revenue Recognition under US GAAP and IFRS

Revenue Recognition under US GAAP and IFRS International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are working together to provide a single revenue recognition model that can be applied to a wide range of industries and transaction types. US GAAP currently has many industry-specific requirements that are not always consistent with each other. Keywords: revenue recognition, IASB, FASB, contracts The topic of the research is Revenue Recognition under US GAAP and IFRS. Revenue is the largest item in financial statements, and issues involving revenue recognition are among the most important and difficult that standard setters and accountants face. Revenue  recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP are different from those in IFRSs and both are considered in need of improvement. U.S. GAAP comprises broad revenue recognition concepts and numerous industry or transaction-specific requirements that can result in different accounting for economically similar transactions. Although, IFRSs contain less guidance on revenue recognition, its two main standards IAS 18 Revenue and IAS 11 Construction Contracts can be difficult to understand and apply beyond simple transactions. Also, they lack guidance on important topics such as revenue recognition for multiple-element arrangements. Reporting inconsistencies in this accounting area arise because there are no comprehensive accounting standards covering revenue recognition. Several authoritative accounting pronouncements have addressed detailed, industry-specific revenue recognition issues which caused practitioners to use standards in situations for which they were not intended. As a result, in 2002, the FASB added revenue recognition to its project agenda. In accounting, revenue recognition refers to the point when one is able to record a sale in the financial statements. Years ago, the sale was made and then an invoice was issued. Now, products are sold with added services, TVs are being sold with long term warranties, mobile phone contracts sold with a free phone, tickets sold for concerts which will not occur for a number of months, and software sold with free upgrades. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (collectively, the board) are working together to provide a single revenue recognition model that can be applied to a wide range of industries and transaction types. U. S. GAAP currently has many industry-specific requirements that are not always consistent with each other. The boards intend to improve current revenue recognition guidance by: Enhancing consistency and comparability. Simplify U. S. GAAP. Currently, there are more than 100 revenue recognition standards in U.S. GAAP. Many of these standards are industry-specific, and some provide conflicting guidance. Providing guidance lacking in IFRS. The two main IFRS revenue recognition standards are vague, inconsistent, and difficult to apply to complex transactions, IASB and FASB published a joint discussion paper, Preliminary Views on Revenue Recognition in Contracts with Customers, in December 2008 that proposed a single revenue recognition model built on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue when it satisfies its performance obligation in a contract by transferring goods and services to a customer. This principle is similar to many existing requirements. A contract is defined as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable obligations, and may consist of either explicit or implicit arrangements. However, IASB and FASB think that clarifying the principle and applying it consistently to all contracts with customers will improve the comparability and understandability of revenue for users of financial statements. The Discussion Paper sought comments on the Boards preliminary views on a single asset and liability based revenue recognition model that they believe will improve financial reporting under U. S. GAA P and IFRS by (Ernest Young, 2009): Providing clearer guidance on when an entity should recognize revenue. Reducing the number of standards which entities have to refer to in determination of revenue. Establishing principles that will result in entities reporting revenue more consistently for similar contracts regardless of the industry in which an entity operates. In September 2002, the IASB and FASB announced plans to achieve convergence in a document referred to as the Norwalk Agreement which called for detailed differences to be removed rapidly and then other differences gradually. In 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accepted the plan to apply IFRS to the statements filed with the SEC in 2008. According to Mintz (2008), the SEC detailed a road map for the adoption of IFRS that would monitor progress until 2011, when the commission will consider requiring U. S. public companies to file their financial statements using IFRS. The road map includes a potential phased transition over three years, beginning with large accelerated filers in 2014 and then nonaccelerated filers starting in 2016. The research will be done using secondary data collection from Google, Google scholar, ProQuest, discussion papers, and other academia databases. According to Dohrer (2009), U.S. GAAP revenue literature is built on principles that are similar to those in IFRS. However, U.S.GAAP has industry industry-specific revenue recognition literature, such as that for the software industry, which is limited under IFRS. U.S. also includes more detailed implementation guidance. The problem for this research is to find a single asset and liability based revenue recognition model to improve financial reporting within both U. S. GAAP and IFRS. The researcher will seek to answer the following research questions: 1. How does realizability affects the measurements of rights? How is performance obligations identified? When will a customer control the asset? Recognition under U.S. GAAP specifies that revenue should not be recognized until the revenue is either realized or realizable, and earned. Preparers, users, and auditors of financial reports have struggles with issues surrounding the timing of revenue recognition. This has led to fraudulent entries. In 1999, a report by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission reported that more than one-half of financial reporting frauds studied from 1987 to 1997 involved overstating revenue. In response to the COSO report, the SEC issued SAB 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements. This bulletin summarized applying revenue recognition principles to specific conditions (Stout and Baxendale, 2006). According to GAAP, revenue is realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. The sellers price to the buyer is fixed or determinable. It is reasonably assured that payment will be collected. According to RevenueRecognition.com (2006), regardless of the companys size, ownership structure, or what systems it has in place, having a written revenue policy is essential to accurate revenue reporting. The policy should govern how contracts are written, how orders are booked, define the revenue accounting workflow, as well as how journal entries are made as revenue is managed through the finance department. Revenue recognition in IFRS is contained primarily within two standards: International Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue, which applies to the sales of goods, rendering of services, and the use of company assets by others yielding interest, royalties and dividends. IAS 11 Construction Contracts, which prescribe the accounting treatment of revenues and cost associated with construction contracts. These standards are that revenue is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and these benefits can be measured reliably. This occurs when the earnings process is substantially complete and is realized or realizable and earned. The Discussion Papers stated that the proposed model should not significantly change the accounting for many arrangements from the current practices under IFRS. Under IFRS, revenue is usually recognized when the risks and rewards associated with the goods or services have been transferred to the customer. Delivery is deemed to have occurred when the customer takes title to a good, indicating that the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer. RevenueRecognition.com surveyed senior financial executives from 515 companies about the Discussion Paper. RevenueRecognition.com worked with staff members from the FASB and IASB revenue recognition project to create an internet survey based on the key questions raised in the proposal. The survey was conducted in April 2009. More than 75% of respondents were senior finance executives including CFOs and Controllers. The key findings were that 54% of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that a contract-based approach to revenue recognition would clarify the earnings process. And 66% said there would be little or no difference in the timing of their revenue recognition if delivery is defined as the transfer of control over good and services. Also, 70% agreed or strongly agreed that the Boards definition of a performance obligation as an accounting unit would help them identify components more consistently than existing practice. The history of difficult with revenue recognition in the corporate sector is full with instances of fraud. A COSO report, Fraudulent Financial Reporting 1987-1997: An Analysis of U. S. Public Companies reported that half of frauds involved overstated revenue. Online business-to-business transactions have led to questions about the validity of reported revenue. Past revenue recognition has involved fraudulently setting aside inventory not actually sold. Also, practices include written agreement for sales that are not signed by both parties because the seller would recognize revenue with only the verbal acknowledgment which is no longer permits. Auditors focus on revenue recognition overstatement in financial statements. Recommendations for improving revenue recognition are the following: The person recording or auditing revenue should have a strong knowledge of U. S. GAAP for revenue recognition. The audit committee should be aware of issues and make appropriate inquires. All relevant individuals should be knowledge about recent revenue recognition guidelines, including SAB 101 and EITF 99-17 and 99-19. In conclusion, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are working to provide a single revenue recognition model that will be applied to a wide range of industries and transaction types. Revenue recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP are different from those in IFRSs and both are considered in need of improvement. Recognition under U.S. GAAP specifies that revenue should not be recognized until the revenue is either realized or realizable, and earned. Under IFRS, revenue is usually recognized when the risks and rewards associated with the goods or services have been transferred to the customer.

Emancipation Proclamation :: essays research papers

Emancipation Proclamation, proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War, declaring all "slaves within any State, or designated part of a State ... then ... in rebellion, ... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." The states affected were enumerated in the proclamation; specifically exempted were slaves in parts of the South then held by Union armies. Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation marked a radical change in his policy; historians regard it as one of the great state documents of the United States. After the outbreak of the Civil War, the slavery issue was made acute by the flight to Union lines of large numbers of slaves who volunteered to fight for their freedom and that of their fellow slaves. In these circumstances, a strict application of established policy would have required return of fugitive slaves to their Confederate masters and would have alienated the staunchest supporters of the Union cause in the North and abroad. Abolitionists had long been urging Lincoln to free all slaves, and public opinion seemed to support this view. Advertisement Lincoln moved slowly and cautiously nonetheless; on March 13, 1862, the federal government forbade all Union army officers to return fugitive slaves, thus annulling in effect the fugitive slave laws. On April 10, on Lincoln's initiative, Congress declared the federal government would compensate slave owners who freed their slaves. All slaves in the District of Columbia were freed in this way on April 16, 1862. On June 19, 1862, Congress enacted a measure prohibiting slavery in United States territories, thus defying the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case, which ruled that Congress was powerless to regulate slavery in the territories. Finally, after the Union victory in the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation on September 22, declaring his intention of promulgating another proclamation in 100 days, freeing the slaves in the states deemed in rebellion at that time. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, conferring liberty on about 3,120,000 slaves. With the enactment of the 13th Amendment to the U.S.

Define each of the five business organizations?

The limited liability partnership is a company wherein two or more persons undertake to contribute to a common fund money or property and divide the profits among themselves. There is at least one limited partner and one general partner. A business may also be run by means of franchising which allows a business organization to transfer the rights and privileges of the business to another for a consideration. Such consideration is called franchise fee.In case of joint venture, it is a business organization between two corporations where the participants deviate from traditional matters on corporate management in terms of voting, control and selection of employees, and arbitration proceedings. In case of license, the government will act upon any business application filed by a business organization or an individual and provide such license to enter into business endeavors. Lastly, for sole proprietorship, an individual chose to run the business on his own and without any help from othe r persons.Week 2 Discussion Question 2 What legal and ethical issues must a business consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally? The ethical issues that a business organization must consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally are integrity of business endeavors, setting mission and vision properly and as well as propriety of core values. Doing business globally includes the adaptation of the culture, values, customs and economic conditions in other countries.Hence, the business organization must see to it that the core values of the company are universal and ethical in nature. On the other hand, the legal issues that should be considered is about laws involved in having business outside the country and as well as treaties involved in the same. The laws of other countries will affect the success of the business done globally. Lastly, the issues on taxation must also be considered by the business organization doing business outside the country.

Edward Scissorhands Essay Example

Edward Scissorhands Essay Example Edward Scissorhands Essay Edward Scissorhands Essay The following results have been obtained from primary research, questionnaires, interviews and observation. The results have been based on the culture, generations and the four different parenting styles. Filipino Culture: |Parenting Style |Number of Participants | |Authoritarian Parenting |10 | |Authoritative Parenting |9 | |Permissive Parenting |1 | |Uninvolved Parenting |0 | [pic] According to this graph, it shows the most common parenting styles in the Philippines are Authoritarian and Authoritative, where Authoritative have been overtaken by the Authoritarian Parenting by just one participant difference. This graph shows that some Filipino parents have also undertaken the role of Permissive Parenting, however, proves that it isnâ„ ¢t as commonly used as the other parenting styles. |Parenting Style |Number of Participants | |Authoritarian Parenting |12 | |Authoritative Parenting |7 | |Permissive Parenting |1 | |Uninvolved Parenting |0 | Indian Culture: [pic] According to this graph, it shows the most common parenting style in India is the Authoritarian. The Authoritarian Parenting style leads with 5 participantsâ„ ¢ difference with the Authoritative. Unlike the results in the Filipino culture, this clearly shows the majorityâ„ ¢s choice of parenting style â€Å" Authoritarian. However, it also relates to the Filipino culture for the Indian culture also shows some use of the Permissive Parenting style though isnâ„ ¢t commonly used. Australian Culture: |Parenting Style |Number of Participants | |Authoritarian Parenting |2 | |Authoritative Parenting |15 | |Permissive Parenting |2 | |Uninvolved Parenting |1 | [pic] According to this graph, it shows that the most common parenting style in Australia is Authoritative Parenting. In comparison with the other graphs, the results are clearly revealed through the 13 participantsâ„ ¢ difference between the Authoritative and the Authoritarian Parenting. Another difference between the results from Australia and the other cultures is that the Australian culture also takes on the roles of Permissive Parenting and Uninvolved Parenting despite the fact that it isnâ„ ¢t as commonly used. These following graphs and results are categorised as the parenting styles, comparing the three cultures as well as the different generations to show the similarities and differences between them. Authoritarian Parenting: [pic] According to this graph, it shows the use of the Authoritarian Parenting throughout the different generations. It clearly shows that from the Baby Boomers generation this parenting style have been decreasing in numbers all the way through to the Generation Z. In relation to the cultures however, surprising results came out as the Australian culture only used this parenting style during Generation Z and Generation Y. As for the Filipino culture, it shows that they have decreased from the Baby Boomers up to Generation Z. As for the Indian culture, in comparison to the Filipino culture, have also decreased in numbers however, the Indian culture have been recorded as the culture which have undertaken the role of Authoritarian Parenting style as most common during Generation X and the Baby Boomers Generation. Authoritative Parenting: [pic] According to this graph, it shows that the Authoritative Parenting style is more used with Generation Z and slowly decreases all the way through to the Baby Boomers Generation. Therefore, this shows that in the past, the Authoritative Parenting style wasnâ„ ¢t as common as it is today. In relation to the cultures, the Filipino culture has used this parenting style more on Generation Z and Y as compared to Generation X and the Baby Boomers. In the Indian culture, from Generation Z to Generation X, the numbers have stayed steady where it then decreases by 1 at the Baby Boomers Generation. The Australian culture however, dominates the Generation Z, Generation Y and Baby Boomers, with using the Authoritative Parenting style as the most common. Surprisingly, research has revealed that during the Generation X, Australian culture showed no usage of the Authoritative Parenting Style. Permissive Parenting: [pic] According to this graph, the use of Permissive Parenting Style isnâ„ ¢t as common as the Authoritative and the Authoritarian. These results donâ„ ¢t really show any patterns. In the Indian culture, there were two participants which have been recorded as Permissive both from the Generation Z. As for the Filipino culture, it was only recorded from the Generation Y where only 1 was noted. However, in the Australian culture, it showed that both in Generation Y and the Baby Boomers, they both used this parenting style as evident with the 2 participants from each generation. Uninvolved Parenting: [pic] According to this graph, it shows proves the uncommonness of the parenting style â€Å" Uninvolved Parenting. With the only record noted, was from the Generation Y from the Australian culture. The remaining Generations and cultures all received a zero for the undertaking of the Uninvolved Parenting role. As a result, these graphs have shown the different parenting styles in which the cultures â€Å" Filipinos, Indians and Australians have undertaken. It also shows the variation and change in trends between the different generations â€Å" Generation Z, Generation Y, Generation X and the Baby Boomers. As for the secondary research results, the following statistics have been obtained based on the parenting styles.

Free Essays on Obesity

Obesity is a disease that affects nearly 1/3 of Americans, and is one of the largest diseases in this country. I picked this disorder, because I know many people that suffer with it, and don’t even realize it. I hope to learn information more on it, and inform them more about it. My motivation behind this whole paper is to get a better understanding of what obesity is, and how come more than one out of three people in our country are obese. Some of the questions I was hoping to answer is: â€Å"are there there different kinds of obesity?† â€Å"Is obesity a medical condition, or can people make themselves obese without having a problem?† After doing research, I found out that I already knew of information about this subject, which I had learned previously. I knew generally what obesity was, but didn’t really know more than it being an â€Å"extremely overweight person†. I did not know the details, such as the fact that there is a Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a mathematical formula which represents weight levels associated with the lowest overall risk to health. Obesity can be measured with height and weight charts, although they are not always accurate due to muscle mass, and different things in which different bodies vary. Obesity is actually defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. Body fat can be estimated in many ways, including skinfold measures, waist-to-hip circumference ratios, and even ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. I found the answer to the questions that I wanted answered, and found out that obes ity in some is a medical condition, which cannot be controlled, and they may have an overactive thyroid. In some scenarios, however, it is not a medical issue, and is just that of laziness, and being a sloth. There are different stages of obesity, from mild to extreme. Some people are considered â€Å"slightly† obese, while others a... Free Essays on Obesity Free Essays on Obesity Currently, in the United States obesity has become an epidemic. Everywhere you look your sure to see an individual’s that is overweight or even obese. â€Å"Results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 indicate that an estimated 64% of U.S adults are either overweight or obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more† (Defining Overweight and Obesity 1). What causes obesity? Is it our genetic make up? Is it Metabolic or Behavioral? Many different people from Doctors to scientist and even your plain Jane or average Joe would agree that the problem is within our society. As a whole we just plain over eat and have a lack of activity in our life. We need to watch our caloric intake of food by eating healthier. In addition, we as a nation need to get away from the â€Å"couch-potato† lifestyles and get a moving. The human body needs to burn the calories which we have consumed by some form of exercise. Walki ng, running, or riding your bike is a few activities we can do to improve our physical health. Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. How could we measure the amount of body fat to determine our body mass? Desirable weight stands are derived in a number of way, one way is by using a mathematical formal known a Body Mass Index (BMI), you can use heights and weights measured and collected on people who represent the U>S population by the National Center for Heath Statistics. You can measure Waist Circumference or even waist to hip ratio (WHR). * All of the following will give you a general standard to go by. Humans with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight and a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. But lets say your are eating healthy foods and are very active and you still seem to have a bit of a weight problem. Is their an obesity gene that can treated? Over the past many years, scientists ha... Free Essays on Obesity Obesity is a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. â€Å"Obesity is a complex, multi-factorial chronic disease involving environmental (social and cultural), genetic, physiologic, metabolic, behavioral, and psychological components† (American Obesity Association). Obesity is the cause of many diseases and psychological problems. There are many causes of overeating. The young to the old are susceptible to obesity. Being excessive overweight can cause many problems to adolescence and to people who are considered senior adults. Many treatments are available to those who are suffering from excessive weight. Obesity is a disease that has some very harmful side effects, but in most cases can be brought to a minimum. Obesity is widespread among Americans. About a third of the adult population of the United States is obese. This is right at 60 million people being obese. The total amount that is overweight or obese is an astonishing 64.5 percent (American Obesity Association). Like other eating disorders overeating and obesity come from psychological, biological, and sociological factors. Doctors have even said that obesity might be a result from a resistance or a diminishing production of the hormone leptin (Kirkpatrick and Caldwell, 60). Many times overeating is the result of loneliness or stress (Arenson, 19). â€Å"Eating disorders arise when you learn to apply comforting activities involving food as solutions to life’s problems, just as you apply a Band-Aid to a cut† (Arenson, 21). In many studies it was proven that loneliness and low self esteem can cause overeating. Some cases of overeating come from the reaction to being raised in a broken home. Some turn to food b ecause they have a fear of not being accepted and are afraid of being rejected (Arenson, 33). Obesity has been linked to personal trauma, factors relating to the environment, and even to genes (Mayer, 59). A key fact... Free Essays on Obesity Obesity is a disease that affects nearly 1/3 of Americans, and is one of the largest diseases in this country. I picked this disorder, because I know many people that suffer with it, and don’t even realize it. I hope to learn information more on it, and inform them more about it. My motivation behind this whole paper is to get a better understanding of what obesity is, and how come more than one out of three people in our country are obese. Some of the questions I was hoping to answer is: â€Å"are there there different kinds of obesity?† â€Å"Is obesity a medical condition, or can people make themselves obese without having a problem?† After doing research, I found out that I already knew of information about this subject, which I had learned previously. I knew generally what obesity was, but didn’t really know more than it being an â€Å"extremely overweight person†. I did not know the details, such as the fact that there is a Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a mathematical formula which represents weight levels associated with the lowest overall risk to health. Obesity can be measured with height and weight charts, although they are not always accurate due to muscle mass, and different things in which different bodies vary. Obesity is actually defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. Body fat can be estimated in many ways, including skinfold measures, waist-to-hip circumference ratios, and even ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. I found the answer to the questions that I wanted answered, and found out that obes ity in some is a medical condition, which cannot be controlled, and they may have an overactive thyroid. In some scenarios, however, it is not a medical issue, and is just that of laziness, and being a sloth. There are different stages of obesity, from mild to extreme. Some people are considered â€Å"slightly† obese, while others a...

Creative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creative - Essay Example The python represents the rich, the sheep represents the poor while the herder symbolizes the society in general. The artwork, which is widely symbolic, shows that the current society is dominated by the rich who use all means to oppress and control the poor. This is proven by the modern capitalism that supports the wealthy to become richer but fails to offer a solution to the poor whose standards of living keeps on deteriorating. The inaction by the society towards the ever increasing atrocities against the poor is represented by the herder who watches the python swallowing the sheep, but he fails to take any action although it is a his responsibility to save the sheep. For many years, the society has been silent about the increasing levels of poverty which has resulted in social, economic and political problems facing the modern world. The aim of this work, which is highly symbolic, is to stir critical thinking in the society about the need to have an equitable society. The audience is the general society who plays an active role in policy making by electing responsible representatives to articulate their interests and the policy makers who are responsible for making laws and developing policies that affect the lives of

Pursue litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pursue litigation - Essay Example This ensures that people do not take advantage of legal loop holes to cause damage to others property or image. However, there may be chances where changes in the wider society happen so fast as to outpace changes in law. Tort damages are financial damages that are required from the offending party. These are required to make up for the injuries caused to the injured party. These damages differ as they are dependent on the injury and may include present or future injuries, mental distress, loss of wages amongst other tortuous behavior. There are three types of torts; intentional torts, negligence, and strict liability. Intentional torts result when a person causes damage intentionally; for instance, if one slaps another with an aim of causing harm, such is considered an intentional tort (Lunney & Oliphant, 2008). A similar act perpetrated unintentionally may not be regarded as intentional tort but might be considered a negligent act. Negligent act qualifies as tort. An important observation here is that tort does not always result from intended acts but also results from unintended acts with potentiality of harm, in this case the tort is referred to as strict liability. When a defendant is charged under strict liability, it means that their engagements, though innocent present potential liability to those around. All these classes of tort attract potential charges as they pose actual or potential injury to people. Unfortunately, not all people are aware of the existence of these and are ignorant of the likely consequences. This means that they do not know what action to take and often their rights are continually trampled. To understand the likely results and redress, such individuals require legal counsel. First, they need to understand what translates into a tort. They should seek damages for such action as these are likely to result to loss either financially or due to the distrust

Team challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team challenges - Essay Example The five students encounter difficulties in establishing the topic of discussion and eventually settle on conflict management. As the team progresses, there is lack of cooperation by some members while the active members exhibit divergent views, which are not resolved to the end of the preparations for presentation. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses displayed by each character as well as some ideas that could improve their input to the project. It also evaluates the performance of the team as well as the impact of a newcomer to the team. Actions that would help in improving the team’s success have been highlighted. The strengths and weaknesses of the 5 students can be described through Belbin’s group roles whereby Robert can be regarded as the plant. He had a strength that is evident when he takes courage to convince the group regarding his creative idea of role play in conflict resolution. He is a self starter who is imaginative and focused towards accomplishing the goal. He is also able to defend his decision as well as influence others to adopt it. His creativity makes Jane to be supportive in generating humour and making the play to be amusing to the audience. He acts as a coordinator as well as the shaper of the group. In the Kolb’s Learning Cycle, Robert fits in the converging learning style (Miettinen, 2000). He prefers practical actions in approaching the group discussion. As a shaper in Belbin’s group roles, Robert’s major weakness is his confrontational behaviour towards Danny who is ignorant and uncooperative, especially bearing in mind that the discussion is on conflict resolution. In essence, he demonstrated lack of skills in conflict resolution and team building. On the other hand, he was dictatorial as regards the group’s activities. He has an egoistic personality, which leads him to compel other group members to accept his decision, which Sharon was greatly opposed

Growth Mindset Essay Example for Free

Growth Mindset Essay Asking Effective Questions Problem Solving Approach in mathematics classroom because it engages student in inquiry, prompting them to build on and improve their current knowledge as they â€Å"construct† explanations and help them solve tasks at hand. In a â€Å"Constructivist classroom† students are seen as the ones who are actively creating their own knowledge†. This is done through questioning to h I need respect, motivation, encouragement, determination, to have confidence in your students. 8 Tips for Effective Questioning 1. Anticipate Student Thinking (plan the possible questions to stimulate thinking and deepen student understanding 2. Link to Learning Goals 3. Pose open ended questions 0 help build students’ self-confidence, help them respond at their own stage of development and allow for differentiation Invitational stems that use plural forms and exploratory language invite reflection. Huinker and Freckman (2004, p. 256) suggest the following examples: As you think about Given what you know about In regard to the decisions you made From previous work with students When you think about..As you consider In what ways In your planning Take a minute. 4. Pose Questions that actually need to be answered 5. Incorporate verbs that elicit higher levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy Verbs such as connect, elaborate, evaluate and justify prompt students to communi- cate their thinking and understanding, to deepen their understanding and to extend their learning. Huinker and Freckman (2004, p. 256) provide a list of verbs that elicit specific cognitive processes to engage thinking: observe notice remember contrast interpret evaluate summarize visualize (â€Å"see†) differ distinguish decide identify compare predict explain conclude infer relate consider describe 6. Pose Questions that Open up conversations to include others. 7. Keep Questions Neutral 8. Provide Wait Time (use strategies such as turn and talk, think-pair-share and round robin to give students time to articulate and clarify their thinking Ms Hastings does use different Instructional Strategies. She builds strong relationships with her students, set high expectations for performance and has a good understanding of their needs to reach success in her classroom. Ms Hastings first has a strong belief in the â€Å"Growth Mindset† by setting high expectations and showing student they can learn as opposed to the belief of â€Å"either you are good at math or not†. Teacher shows students how they can succeed and achieve through â€Å"application and experience†. Their words and actions make it clear that the past does not dictate the future. If a teacher promotes the â€Å"growth mind-set†, they can focus students on â€Å"self-development, self-motivation and responsibility† and help them develop the mental determination to continue to improve. She clearly sets objectives and provides feedback to her students to help them progress. By reinforcing effort and providing recognition, students believe they can succeed. These strategies all provide students with the belief that they can positively affect their learning She also uses various strategies to promote thinking and learning in the classroom. She uses cooperative learning, uses effective questioning and graphic organizers. She uses team building exercises and forms a base group, in which they learn and work together for the semester. In reading the Capacity Building Monograph in â€Å"Asking Effective Questions in Mathematics† in showed how you can change Learning to becoming something you get for a short time to permananence and building a deeper understanding. In Ms. Hastings class, the 8 tips provided in this monograph are great strategies being used in Ms. Hastings class. One of the most important influences in student achievement is the relationship between teacher and students (Hattlie, 2009). By Ms. Hastings telling success stories this provides encouragement to her students. Ms. Hastings class is preparing her students with the skills of the â€Å"21st Century Learner†. She is doing this by helping her students set personal learning goals, self-assessment for understanding, therefore, making learning permanent, accessing tools and resources for enhancing their understanding and using their learning in rich meaningful tasks in real-world contexts. These students will learn problem-solving, critical thinking and using their prior knowledge and skills to apply them to new situations. Two challenges faced by adolescents is the belief they are not good at math, therefore, find it challenging and are less engaged in math class. The second challenge is to make math learning become permanent through student engagement. This means using Instructional Strategies to ensure students are engaged in their own learning and self-assessment. One of the challenges faced by adolescents is the belief they are â€Å"not good at math†. This may be imparted by their parents belief they were not good at mathematics and do not ask more from their children. There needs to be a shift from this belief from all adults involved. They must recognize and affirm the importance of mathematical literacy for all. In the Ministry’s Numeracy Report (2004), students need the â€Å"ability to deal with the  fundamental notions of number and change in order to make sense of mathematical information presented in everyday contexts† (Paulos, 1988, pg.). Mathematical literacy in important for both employment and post-secondary admissions. Therefore, as teachers, we need to take advantage of the abundant opportunities for fostering mathematical literacy across the curriculum. As with Ms. Hastings, has a strong belief in the â€Å"Growth Mindset† by setting high expectations and showing student they can learn as opposed to the belief of â€Å"either you are good at math or not†. Teacher shows students how they can succeed and achieve through â€Å"application and experience†. Their words and actions make it clear that the past does not dictate the future. If a teacher promotes the â€Å"growth mind-set†, they can focus students on â€Å"self-development, self-motivation and responsibility† and help them develop the mental determination to continue to improve. She clearly sets objectives and provides feedback to her students to help them progress. By reinforcing effort and providing recognition, students believe they can succeed. These strategies all provide students with the belief that they can positively affect their learning She also uses various strategies to promote thinking and learning in the classroom. She uses cooperative learning, uses effective questioning and graphic organizers. She uses teambuilding exercises and forms a base group, in which they learn and work together for the semester. The second challenge faced by adolescent if to ensure their learning has â€Å"permanence†. This is done through strong conceptual foundations in math and ample opportunities for students to demonstrate their knowledge. I also believe that as teachers we need to use effective instructional strategies to emphasize student ability to think, use problem-solving skills and build on prior knowledge. Ms. Hastings uses various strategies to promote thinking and learning in the classroom. She uses cooperative learning, uses effective questioning and graphic organizers. She uses team building exercises and forms a base group, in which they learn and work together for the semester. In reading the Capacity Building Monograph in â€Å"Asking Effective Questions in Mathematics† in showed how you can change Learning to becoming something you get for a short time to permanence and building a deeper understanding. In Ms. Hastings class, the 8 tips provided in this monograph are great strategies being used in Ms. Hastings class. One of the most important influences in student achievement is the relationship between teacher and students (Hattlie, 2009). By Ms. Hastings telling success stories this provides encouragement to her students. Ms. Hastings class is preparing her students with the skills of the â€Å"21st Century Learner†. She is doing this by helping her students set personal learning goals, self-assessment for understanding, therefore, making learning permanent, accessing tools and resources for enhancing their understanding and using their learning in rich meaningful tasks in real-world contexts. These students will learn problem-solving, critical thinking and using their prior knowledge and skills to apply them to new situations. To be able to prepare our students as 21st Century Learners, we need to increase our math competence through professional learning to be more effective. The Expert Panels Report on Student Success in Ontario Mathematical Literacy, Grades 7-12 (May 2004) looked at at-risk mathematical learners and came up with a number of themes: Effective teaching and learning begins with the needs to the adolescent learners and have a good understanding of their development stages Connect the learning in math to the lives of the students (having rich meaningful tasks that connect to real-life contexts) Ensuring they have a strong conceptual foundations to be able to apply their knowledge and continue their learning Instructional learning strategies empahisize problem solving and building and one’s own understandings To improve students’ performance, teachers need to link instruction more closely to assessment More professional learning opportunities for teachers to strengthen their competence in math Technology to support learning and have more accessibility to students who are struggling in math Also extra support for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"at risk† students to close the gap Strong leadership and strong planning to create an effective learning environment in which all the needs of the students are met and success is promoted. 2. Changing Climate – Transforming Classroom Culture Dan Myer Inquiry Based Learning Being interest in students thinking How my teachers see them in a sincere way and shed the idea of controlling the process Bring the student who are not strong in the foundations Gains in achievement – multimedia helped students who are identified at risk or LD Teach as we are taught, memorization, calculations, learning formulas, doing math and debrief M.J. Hobbs Senior P.S. –DI 7-8 Differentiated Instruction and problem solving by group readiness Individual Accountability in group work Create a positive work environment Group work looks like, sounds like anchor charts with clear understanding of expectations Participate in work that is engaging and challenging Centennial S.S. HPEDSB Differentiating Instruction Secondary Think-Pair-Share Mathematical Questions Justify using mathematical vocabulary Learning Centres give students choice, work collaboratively and related to hands on materials and manipulatives’ based on their strengths (observe the kids first to see how they are learning Use the entry point depending on their strengths and how they learn to work towards the curriculum expectations Use of different strategies and connect using different means to demonstrate their learning Data given for Problem Solving Exit cards to demonstrate learning in a differentiated environment to take responsibility on teaching the students how they learn DI planning for kids based on grouping on kids strengths and needs.